Others

Question 1

Kirklin type II ventricular septal defect

Answer 1

definición

Question 2

Differences between clot and thrombus

Answer 2

A clot, or thrombus, is defined as a
local aggregation of platelets and fibrin with
entrapped blood cells, whereas thromboembolism
is defined as migration of a formed thrombus

Question 3

Definition of thrombosis

Answer 3

Thrombosis is defined as a pathological clot formation
leading to occlusion of blood supply and
ischemia

Question 4

Differential diagnosis causes Thromboembolism

Answer 4

cardiomyopathy,
neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism,
Dirofilariasis infestation, or immune-mediated
hemolytic anaemia

Question 5

Complications of the treatment of FAT with tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 5

severe reperfusion

injuries (RI) and bleeding

Question 6

The benefits of tissue plasminogen activator use

Answer 6

lysis of the
thrombus, blood vessel recanalization, pain relief,
and improved organ function depending on the
location of thrombus, such as increased cognitive
function or restoration of vision, and may outweigh
complications such as bleeding, RI, and acute
kidney injury (AKI) [

Question 7

Definition of reperfusion injury

Answer 7

Reperfusion
injury is defined as a rise in serum potassium
above institutional range without a concurrent rise
in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

Question 8

Risk factors for hypercoagulability

Answer 8

include protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), protein-losing

enteropathy (PLE), hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, neoplasia, and recent corticosteroid administration.

Question 9

Pharmaceutical therapies are used in aortic thrombosis management in dogs

Answer 9

platelet inhibition by administration
of aspirin or clopidogrel
anticoagulation by administration of unfractionated
heparin, 
low molecular weight heparin, 
factor Xa inhibitors,
warfarin  
systemic thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator(TPA) or streptokinase

Question 10

Combined interventional techniques used in aortic thrombosis management in dogs

Answer 10

Rheolytic thrombectomy,
catheter-directed thrombolysis/thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty, and
vascular stenting

Question 11

Leriche Syndrome

Answer 11

Leriche Syndrome is an aortoiliac occlusive disease marked by chronic onset of diminished femoral pulses, impotence, and claudication induced by exercise.

Question 12

Heartworm

Answer 12

Dirofilaria immitis

Question 13

subcutaneous dirofilariasis

Answer 13

Dirofilaria repens

Question 14

What Dirofilaria is considered an emerging zoonotic agent in Europe

Answer 14

Dirofilaria repens

Question 15

Heartworm disease in cats

Answer 15

It maybe associated
with severe pulmonary thromboembolism and an
eosinophilic inflammatory response in the lungs,
potentially leading to sudden death. Otherwise
self-cure occurs in most cases after 18–48 months.

Question 16

Diagnosis of dirofilariosis in cats

Answer 16

Diagnosis in cats is
more difficult compared with dogs and needs a
multistep approach (antigen and antibody tests,
as well as diagnostic imaging). Cats with acute
heartworm disease require stabilisation within an
intensive care unit. Cats with respiratory signs or
suggestive radiographic changes should receive
prednisolone and follow-up with a similar multistep
approach. Adulticidal therapy is not safe in cats.

Question 17

Prevention of dirofilariasis in cats

Answer 17

In endemic areas cats should
receive year-round chemoprophylaxis from
2 months of age.

Question 18

Characteristic of double chamber right ventricle

Answer 18

DCRV is characterized by intraventricular pressure gradients greater than 20 mmHg, turbulent flow patterns in the ventricle, and increased pulmonary flow .