Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fractures > others > Flashcards

others Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors DDH? age?

A

infant

female, macrosomia, oligo hydramnios, first child, family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

investigations DDH

A 
clinical - clunking, asymmetrical skin folds
Barlow and ortolani
galeazze test 
USS <4m
xray >4m
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

management DDH

A

pavlik harness <6m
CR + spica cast >6m

OR + spica cast 6-18m
osteotomy + OR + spica cast 2y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

symptoms of compartment syndrome

A 
disproportionate pain - pain out of keeping
paraesthesia
paresis
muscle contracture
limb pallor
loss of sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A

build up of pressure within a closed space (myofascial compartment)
blood flow to muscles and nerves are cut off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

management of compartment syndrome

A

urgent fasciotomy within 1h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of Cauda Equina syndrome

A 
compression of the spinal nerve roots
lumbar disc herniation 
spinal vertebral fracture
metastases
infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

symptoms of Cauda equina

A 
bilateral sciatica
leg weakness
saddle anaesthesia 
urinary / fecal incontinence
sexual dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examination findings Cauda Equina

A

LMN signs - hypotonia, areflexia, muscle weakness, poor anal tone, saddle anaesthesia
ABDOMEN - palpate bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

investigations cauda equina

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management cauda equina

A

ABCDE
insert catheter
surgical decompression - laminectomy, discectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

osteoporosis definition

A

> 2.5 sd below mean for young adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

examination of osteoporotic patient

A 
inability to weight bear 
external rotation of limb
shortened limb
pain on limb rotation
bruising (extra capsular #)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

important nerve to examine in hip fracture

A

sciatic nerve

motor function of Ankle, dorsiflexion of great toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extra capsular femoral fracture stable?

A

yes, blood supply maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intracapsular femoral fracture stable?

A

no, bloood supply disrupted

risk of AVN / non union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

risk with intracapsular femoral head fracture

A

AVN

non union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

management subtrochanteric fracture

A

cephalomedullary nail

IM / gamma nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

management intertrochanteric humeral head fracture

A

DHS dynamic hip screw

20
Q

complications of any hip surgery

A

pain, bleeding, stiffness, infection
peri prosthetic fracture
anaesthetic risks - CVA, MI, respiratory depression
DVT / PE

21
Q

complications of THR / hemiarthriplasty

A

mal union
dislocation
leg length discrepancy
sciatic n. damage

22
Q

commonest cause of Paediatric hip pain

A

transient synovitis

23
Q

commonest cause of septic arthritis

A

s aureus
N gonorrhoea (12-18)
gonorrhoea sometimes presents with septic arthritis!!!

24
Q

spread of septic arthritis?

A

haematogenous
direct inoculation
spread from osteomyelitis
spread from soft tissue infection

25
Q

investigations in septic arthritis

A

aspiration gold standard

temperature
bloods - ESR, CRP, WBC
aspirate!!!!!!!! + USS (before Abx)
blood cultures

26
Q

what criteria is used in septic arthritis?

A 
KOCHER criteria 
unable to weight bear
temp >38.5
WBC >12
ESR >40

CRP >12 also indicative

27
Q

management septic arthritis

A

emergency washout in theatre
IV Abx 6 weeks - cefuroxime / cefotaxime
repeat washout

28
Q

main differential of septic arthritis

A

transient synovitis

29
Q

what is transient synovitis

A

irritable hip

irritation of synovium

30
Q

what does USS show transient synovitis

A

hip effusion!

31
Q

causes of transient synovitis

A

recent infection eg URTI
allergy
trauma

32
Q

differentiate between transient synovitis and septic arthtisi

A

KOCHER - temp, ESR, WBC, CRP,
USS
aspiration

33
Q

blood supply to femoral head in paediatrics vs adults?

A

artery of ligament Teres (peads)

retinaculum vessels in adults

34
Q

risk factors perthes

A

male
family history
3-12

35
Q

perthes presentation

A 
unilateral or bilateral
decreased ROM - int rotation and abduction
intermittent hip or groin pain
NO history of trauma 
painful gait
36
Q

classification of PERTHES

A

herring lateral pillar classification

37
Q

management of perthes

A

conservative
physio
brace - abduction
traction

38
Q

what is SUFE

A

femoral head slips backwards

slippage of epiphysis relative to femoral neck

39
Q

risk factors SUFE

A 
male
12-15
obese
endocrine disorder
rapid growth during adolescence
40
Q

test in SUFE

A

faber test

flexion, abduction and external rotation of hip causes pain

41
Q

classification of SUFE

A
  • slippage
  • weight bearing
  • southwick angle classification
42
Q

what is salter Harris classification

A

fracture through growth plate

43
Q

imaging in SUFE

A

AP

frog leg lateral (Lowenstein)

44
Q

treatment of SUFE

A

in situ pinning

prophylactic pinning of other hip

45
Q

x ray findings in SUFE

A

widened physis
decreased epiphyseal height
Kleins line
head shaft angle of southwich

Fractures (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions