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Dermatology > Other Viral > Flashcards

Other Viral Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Most common type of viral exanthem in children ????

A

Non specific (non poliovirus)

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2
Q

Describe viral exanthem ?

A

Blanchable erythematous papules and macules on trunk and extremities
Self limited in 1w

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3
Q

How long does viral exanthem last ?

A

1w

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4
Q

What are the enetrovirus and from which category is ?

A

From > picornavirus
They are ::
Echovirus
Coxsakie A and B

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5
Q

Describe enterovirus ??

A

Ss RNA
Non enveloped capsid

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6
Q

Mode of transmission of enterovirus ??

A

Feco oral
Respiratory droplets
Peripartum

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7
Q

Incubation period of :
Enterovirus
Measles
Rubella
Erythema infectiousum
Roseola infantum
Poxvirus
Dengue fever

A

3-6
10-14
16-18
4-14
9-10
3-4
3-8

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8
Q

Site of replication of enterovirus ??

A

Lymphoid tissues

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9
Q

Mose common disease of enterovirus??

A

Hand foot mouth disease

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10
Q

Describe clinically hand foot mouth disease??

A

Palmoplantar vesicular eruption + erosive stomatitis

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11
Q

Variant of coxsakie causing hand foot mouth disease ?

A

A16

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12
Q

Nail changes in hand foot mouth disease ??

A

Onychomadesis

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13
Q

Name the term of coxsakie infection in atopic dermatitis?

A

Eczema coxsakium

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14
Q

Vaccine against enterovirus ??

A

Inactivated vaccine against entero-71

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15
Q

Diseases caused by enterovirus ??

A

1- hand foot mouth disease
2- herpangina
3- eruptive pseudoangiomatosis

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16
Q

Describe herpangina ??

A

Painful vesicles and erosions of soft palate, uvula, and buccal mucosa

No skin exanthem

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17
Q

Name viruses with cephalocaudal spread ??

A

Rubella
Rubeola
+- Roseola

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18
Q

Triad of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis ??

A

Fever + vascular pustules + dilated blood vessels

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19
Q

Viruses causing eruptive pseodoangiomatosis ??

A

Enterovirus
EBV
CMV

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20
Q

Methods to diagnose enterovirus ??

A

Viral cx
RT-PCR
Bx is useless

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21
Q

Treatment of enterovirus?

A

Supportive

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22
Q

Treatment of enterovirus in immuno compromised patients??

A

Pleconaril

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23
Q

Triad of measles ??

A

Cough and conjunctivitis + coryza + koplik spots

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24
Q

Mode of transmission of measles ??

A

Respiratory droplets

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25
Q

Under which category measles virus is ??

A

Paramyxovirus

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26
Q

What are koplik spots ?

A

Grey white papules on buccal mucosa

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27
Q

In each viral illness you have to describe ??

A

1- prodrome
2- exanthem
3- enanthem

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28
Q

What are prodromes of measles ??

A

Fever , cough , nasal congestion, conjunctivitis

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29
Q

What is exanthem of measles ??

A

Erythematous macules and papules over forehead, hairline and postauricular areas

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30
Q

What other viruses cause measles like morbiliform eruption?

A

Entero, EBV , parvo, HHV-6

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31
Q

What is atypical measles ??

A

Prodrome + pulmonary infiltrates + ABSENT coryza and conjunctivitis + non specific exanthem

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32
Q

Which vitamin that becomes deficient after measles ??

A

Vi A

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33
Q

Complications of measles ??

A

Otitis
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Myocarditis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
(Seizures + personality disorder)

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34
Q

How to diagnose measles ??

A

RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal secretion or urine

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35
Q

Tt of measles ??

A

Supportive * ViA for all children

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36
Q

Dose of ViA in measles?

A

Once for 2 days
>1y :: 200k IU
6m-1y :: 100k IU
<6m :: 50k IU

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37
Q

Measles prophylaxis after exposure in non vaccinated individuals?

A

<3 days :: give vaccine
3-6 days :: IVIG

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38
Q

MMR vaccine ?

A

2 doses

1- 12-15m
2- 4-6 y

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39
Q

Rubella virus ??

A

Togavirus : SS RNA

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40
Q

Mode of transmission?

A

Respiratory droplets

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41
Q

Primary site of infection??

A

Nasopharynx

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42
Q

Prodrome of rubella ??

A

Headache , fever , URTI , or sub clinical

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43
Q

Exanthem of rubella ?

A

Eruption of erythematous rose macules and papules on face

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44
Q

Enanthem of rubella ??

A

Forch heimer spots (erythematous patechial macules on soft palate)

45
Q

Site of lymphadenopathy in rubella ?

A

Postauricular
Occipital
Cervical

46
Q

Complications of rubella ??

A

Arthritis / arthralgia (post pubertal girls)
Hepatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Peri/myocarditis

47
Q

Dx of rubella ?

A

RT-PCR from nasal or throat swab
Antirubella Igm or IgG are 4x

48
Q

At what week does congenital rubella occur ??

A

First 16 weeks

49
Q

Whats is congenital rubella ?

A

Cataract + deafness + heart defect (PDA, VSD) + microcephaly

Blueberry muffin baby > dermal hematopoiesis

50
Q

Other names of erythema infectiousum ??

A

Slapped cheeks
Fifth disease

51
Q

Cause of erythema infectiousum ?

A

Parvo virus B19 (ss DNA)

52
Q

Mode of transmission of erythema infectiousum?

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • perinatal
  • blood transmission
53
Q

Whats tropism target for parvavirus ??

A

Erythroid proginator cells and RBC (P Ag)

54
Q

When does reticulocytopenua occur after infection ??

A

7-10 days (when IgM starts appearing)

55
Q

Whats prodrome of fifth disease??

A

Fever , myalgia , headache

56
Q

Describe myalgia in fifth disease ?

A

Reversible 10% after 1w
Affects small joints of the hands
Female > males

57
Q

Describe exanthem of fifth disease ?

A

1- initial stage
( bright eed macules of cheeks sparing nasal bridge)
2- second stage
(Erythematous macules and papules on extrimities then form lacy reticulated pattern)

58
Q

Main D Dx of fifth disease ??

A

Still disease (has higher fever, more chronic , +ive kobner)

59
Q

Describe fifth disease in adults ??

A

Petechial rash on acral and periflexural areas

60
Q

What causes papulo purpuric glove and socks syndrome??

A

Parvo virus B19

61
Q

Describe papulo purpuric glove and socks syndrome ?

A

Edema and erythema of hands and feet * petechia and purpura

Tt: supporive

62
Q

Whats is the enanthem in fifth disease ?

A

Erosions and petechia on palate, pharynx and tongue

63
Q

What fetal parvo transmission occurs ??

A

First and second trimester (mainly w20)

64
Q

Fetal B19 parvo ??

A

1- abortion in second trimester
2- stillbirth
3- anemia

Majority are asymptomatic
Dx : PCR

65
Q

Other name of roseola infantum ?

A

Sixth disease

66
Q

What causes roseola infantum ?

A

HHV6,7

67
Q

Avg age of roseola infantum?

A

6 months ( when maternal Ig drop)

68
Q

Describe prodrome and exanthem of roseola infantum ??

A

High fever lasting 3-5 days then followed by rose macule or papule on neck, trunk or proximal extremities

69
Q

Systemic findings in roseola infantum?

A

URTI
Injection of tympanic membrane
Cervical/occipital lymphadenopathy
Edematous eyelids
Bulged ant. Fontanelle

70
Q

Whats is the enanthem of roseola infa ??

A

Nagayama spots ::
Red papules on soft palate and uvula

71
Q

What is the hallmark enanthem in roseola infantum ::

A

Palatoglossal junction ulceration

72
Q

Reactivation of roseola infantum later can cause ??

A

DRESS

73
Q

What are causes of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem ?

A

Spiroplasma
Parvo B19
EBV

74
Q

What is prodrome of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem ?

A

Fever + diarrhea + rhinitis

75
Q

Main differential of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem ?

A

Gianotti crosti syndrome

76
Q

What is other name of papular acrodermatitis of childhood ?

A

Gianotti crosti syndromes

77
Q

What causes Gianotti crosti syndrome ?

A

EBV
HBV

78
Q

What is the prodrome of Gianotti crosti syndrome ?

A

URTI

79
Q

What is the exanthem of Gianotti crosti syndrome ?

A

Monomorphic skin colored symmetric papules (face, buttock, and extensors)

80
Q

Complications of Gianotti crosti syndrome ?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

81
Q

Treatment of Gianotti crosti syndrome ?

A

Supportive

82
Q

Mode of transmission of poxvirus ?

A

Skin to skin contact

83
Q

What causes molluscum contagiousum ?

A

Pox virus
(Ds DNA with cytoplasmic replication)

84
Q

Describe molluscum contagiousum ?

A

Firm umbilicated pearly papules with waxy sirfaces mainly on skin folds

85
Q

Molluscum in Atopic dermatitis ?

A

Molluscum dermatitis

86
Q

Histology of molluscum ?

A

Handerson patterson bodies (large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epidermal keratinocytes)

87
Q

Treatment of molluscum ?

A

Cryo
Keratinolytics
Topical codifovir

88
Q

What causes viral hemorrhagic fever ?

A

Dengue virus- flavivirus

89
Q

Dengue fever are transmitted by??

A

Mosquito or perinatal

90
Q

Prodrome of dengue fever ?

A

Biphasic fever + retroorbital pain + nausea and vomiting

91
Q

What is the exanthem of dengue fever ?

A

White islands in sea of red (morbilliform with spared areas)

92
Q

Complications of dengue fever ?

A

Epistaxis
Gingival bleeding
RDS
Thrombocytopenia (igG binds to Fc gamma R 3a)

93
Q

What causes west nile virus ?

A

Flaviviridae (ss RNA)

94
Q

west nile virus is transmitted by ??

A

Culex mosquito

95
Q

Prodrome of west nile virus ?

A

Headache ، myalgia , encephalitis, fever , n&v

80% are asymptomatic

96
Q

Exanthem of west nile virus ?

A

Polymorphic eruption on extrimities with small puncta

97
Q

Dx of west nile virus ?

A

RT-PCR from CSF

98
Q

What causes zika disease ?

A

Zika (flaviviridae)

99
Q

Zika virus is transmitted by ?

A

Aedes

100
Q

Main symptoms of perinatal zika ??

A

Microcephaly

101
Q

What is the prodrome of zika ?

A

Fever , arthralgia , conjunctivitis

102
Q

What is the exanthem of zika ??

A

Morbilliform scarlitiform eruption on face then trunk with FOLLICULAR ECCENTUATION and palmar involvement

103
Q

Main complication of zika virus ?

A

Gullian barré syndrome

104
Q

What causes chikungunya fever ?

A

Togavirus

105
Q

chikungunya virus is transmitted by ??

A

Aedes

106
Q

What is the prodrome of chikungunya virus ??

A

Fever
Headache
Nausea and vomiting

107
Q

Hallmark symptom of chikungunya virus ??

A

Low back pain

108
Q

What is the exanthem of chikungunya virus ??

A

Morbilliform eruption (acrofacial)
With PIH
FRECKLE LIKE MACULES
flagellated streaks

Dermatology (6 decks)

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