Other topics Flashcards
MC infective cause of lymphadenopathy
TB
What is the disease in association with thymoma?
Myasthenia gravis
Gene for achondroplasia
FGFR3
Diagnosis of osteoporosis
DEXA scan <-2.5
What is brown tumour?
a form of osteitis fibrosa cystica caused by hyperparathyroidism
3 pathological stages of pyogenic osteomyelitis
suppuration –> sequestrum –> involucrum
Name for TB spondylitis
Pott’s disease
What is Paget’s disease of bone?
chronic bone dystrophy –> deformity, pain, fracture, or arthritis
Radiological findings for osteoarthritis (5)
(R-LOSS)
Reduced joint space
Loose body
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Location of Bouchard nodes and Heberden nodes (what is the disease?)
Bouchard: PIPJ
Heberden: DIPJ
(osteoarthritis)
Pannus formation (synovial proliferation)
rheumatoid arthritis
baker cyst
[popliteal fossa]
rheumatoid arthritis
Which gene are seronegative spondyloarthropathies associated with?
HLA-B27 +ve
bamboo spine
ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s triad
[reactive arthritis / Reiter syndrome]
urethritis + reactive arthritis + conjunctivitis
Pencil-in-cup deformity in DPIJ
Psoriatic arthritis
Compare the crystals between gout and pseudo-gout
Gout: monosodium urate, needle-shaped, -ve birefringent
Pseudo-gout: calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid-shaped, +ve birefringent
All primary bone tumours are male predominant except…
Chondroma (M=F)
Giant cell tumour (F>M)
Primary bone tumours by onset ages in ascending order
Ewing’s sarcoma (10~15)
< Osteosarcoma = Chondroblastoma (10~20)
< Osteoid osteoma = Osteoblastoma (10~30)
< Chondroma = Giant cell tumour (20~50)
< Chondrosarcoma (40~70)
Malignant primary bone tumours (3)
Osteosarcoma (MC), Chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma
How to differentiate between osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma?
<2cm: osteoid osteoma
>=2cm: osteoblastoma
Codman’s triangle
osteosarcoma X-ray feature
MC benign bone tumour
osteochondroma
Chicken-wire calcification
chondroblastoma
Onion skin / sunburst periosteal reaction on X-ray
Ewing’s sarcoma
Common sources of bone metastasis
a. which two are usually solitary?
b. which is sclerotic?
thyroid, breast, lungs, kidney, prostate
a. thyroid, kidney
b. prostate
MC location of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
lower lips
What is the typical example of field cancerization?
head and neck SCC
(100x more likely to develop another primary tumour in the region)
Virus associated with oropharyngeal SCC (what is the prognosis?)
HPV
(better prognosis)
Virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
Classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
keratinising squamous
non-keratinising squamous (differentiated, undifferentiated)
basaloid squamous
Risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
genetics, environment (nitrosamines, smoking, chemical fumes)
Pathology of MC type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
syncytial sheets of undifferentiated, non-keratinising cells
dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate
EBV-encoded RNA +ve
Autoimmune disease associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
dermatomyositis
Virus for sialadenitis
mumps virus
What is Sjogren syndrome?
autoimmune destruction of salivary, lacrimal, and conjuntival glands
MC site of salivary gland neoplasm
parotid gland
Where is ameloblastoma found?
teeth (origin: odontogenic epithelium) (benign)
What is pathological fracture?
Bone fracture caused by a force that is disproportionally less than the extent of fracture because the bone structure is weakened by other underlying disease
MC cause of osteonecrosis
corticosteorid
