Other Systems

Question 1

Your patient has an ulcer on their medial malleolus, do you suspect the cause is venous insufficiency or arterial insufficiency?

Answer 1

venous

Question 2

Your patient has an ulcer on their lateral malleolus, do you suspect the cause is venous insufficiency or arterial insufficiency?

Answer 2

arterial

Question 3

Your patient has a venous ulcer, what symptoms do you expect them to have

Answer 3

achey pain that improves with elevation
hemosiderin staining
shallow ulcer with heavy drainage
normal pulses

Question 4

Your patient has an arterial ulcer, what symptoms do you expect them to have

Answer 4

pain with leg elevation, pain with rest
absent pulses
loss of hair and shiny skin
deep ulcer that is dry

Question 5

What is the ABCDE method in regards to screening for cancer

Answer 5

A - asymmetry, draw a line down the middle of the lesion to see if there is matching halves
B - Borders, are they uneven, scalloped or fuzzy edges
C- Color, usually brown, black, and tan
D - diameter, is greater than the width of a pencil eraser/5mm
E - Evolving/changing shape, size, color, elevation, or new symptoms.

Question 6

What are the 5 common causes of lymphedema

Answer 6

lymph node removal
obesity
radiation treatment
infection
chronic venous insufficiency

Question 7

There are 4 stages of lymphedema. State the description of each in order

Answer 7

Stage 0 - subclinical stage where swelling is barely noticeable
Stage 1 - Reversible damage with pitting edema
Stage 2 - Irreversible swelling, non pitting, stemmer’s sign
Stage 3 - fibrotic skin, large skin folds, permanent skin deformation

Question 8

What is lipedema and what patient population is this typically found in

Answer 8

Lipedema is commonly found in women and is an excessive accumulatioon of fatty deposits underneath the skin in areas of the hip, butt, and thigh

Question 9

True or false

Pt’s with lipedema have a normally functioning lymphatic system

Answer 9

true

Question 10

How would a PT differentiate between lipedema and lymphedema

Answer 10

lymphedema affects both genders, unilateral, asymmetrical

Lipedema affects women, bilateral, and symmetrical

Question 11

What is the rule of nines for an adult

Answer 11

Chest - 18%
Back - 18%
Legs - 18% each whole leg
Arms - 9% each whole arm
Head - 4.5%

Question 12

What is the rule of nines for a child

Answer 12

Chest - 18%
Back - 18%
Legs - 13% each whole leg
Arms - 9% each whole arm
Head - 9%

Question 13

What is the correct order of donning full PPE outfit

Answer 13

gown
mask
goggles/face shield
gloves

Question 14

What is the correct order of doffing full PPE outfit

Answer 14

gloves
goggles/face mask
gown
mask
wash hands

Question 15

What is pulsed lavage and what PPE should be utilized during its treatment?

Answer 15

a form of mechanical debridement where pressure water is used inside and around the wound bed to remove loosely adhered necrotic tissue, slough, exudate, and dirt.

gown, gloves, and mask are required.

Question 16

What intensity of psi and what duration time is ideal during pulsed lavage

Answer 16

4-15 psi for ten to fifteen minutes

Question 17

what is leukonychia

Answer 17

this is a nail abnormality with whitening of the nail plate in spots or lines

Question 18

what is koilonychia

Answer 18

spoon nails, the nails look like the shape of a spoon

Question 19

what is onycholysis

Answer 19

loosening of the nail plate from the distal edge inward

Question 20

What is cushion’s disease

Answer 20

This is hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex on kidneys causes excessive secretion of cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 21

What does cortisol and aldosterone do in the body.
In what pathology do we see an excess of this.

Answer 21

cortisol is the stress hormone and is responsible for maintaining the fight or flight response. Aldosterone assists with water and electrolyte regulation.

Question 22

What are signs and symptoms of a pt with cushion’s syndrome.

Answer 22

retention of water, central obesity, unusual menstruation, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia.

Question 23

What is Addison’s disease

Answer 23

This is an adrenal cortex insufficiency/hypofunction leading to inadequate secretion of cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 24

What are signs and symptoms that a patient with Addison’s disease will present with

Answer 24

brown pigmentation
reduced strength
hyponatremia
nausea
orthostatic hypotension
weight loss
dehydration

Question 25

What are signs and symptoms with hypothyroidism

Answer 25

obesity
memory loss
dyspnea
fatigue
cold intolerance
delayed DTR’s.

Question 26

what is dyspareunia

Answer 26

painful intercourse

Question 27

what is nocturia

Answer 27

increased urination at night

Question 28

what is dysuria

Answer 28

pain or discomfort urinating

Question 29

What are the major symptoms for prostatitis

Answer 29

back pain
painful urination
fever
perineal pain

Question 30

What are signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 30

weak stream, dribbling at the end or urination, bladder pressure, incomplete emptying

Question 31

What are signs and symptoms you would expect to see in someone with prostate cancer

Answer 31

sudden fever
sciatica pain
changes in bowel/bladder

Question 32

Where is the spleen located and where does it refer pain

Answer 32

it is in the upper left quadrant under the diaphragm and sends pain to the upper left quadrant or left shoulder

Question 33

Where is the diaphragm located and where does it refer pain

Answer 33

it spans the upper quadrants, this will result in sharp pain in costal margin, upper trap and shoulder

Question 34

Where is the lower urinary tract located and where does it refer pain

Answer 34

the lower urinary tract is the bladder, urethra, sphincter, and prostate. This refers pain to the supra pubic region or lower back, inner thighs

Question 35

where does the large intestine refer pain

Answer 35

lower midabdominal, sacrum

Question 36

Where can the heart refer pain to

Answer 36

substernal to mid thoracic, bilateral jaw, left shoulder/arm

women can present with epigastric pain, right shoulder pain, and the feeling of indigestion