Other Systems Flashcards
Your patient has an ulcer on their medial malleolus, do you suspect the cause is venous insufficiency or arterial insufficiency?
venous
Your patient has an ulcer on their lateral malleolus, do you suspect the cause is venous insufficiency or arterial insufficiency?
arterial
Your patient has a venous ulcer, what symptoms do you expect them to have
achey pain that improves with elevation
hemosiderin staining
shallow ulcer with heavy drainage
normal pulses
Your patient has an arterial ulcer, what symptoms do you expect them to have
pain with leg elevation, pain with rest
absent pulses
loss of hair and shiny skin
deep ulcer that is dry
What is the ABCDE method in regards to screening for cancer
A - asymmetry, draw a line down the middle of the lesion to see if there is matching halves
B - Borders, are they uneven, scalloped or fuzzy edges
C- Color, usually brown, black, and tan
D - diameter, is greater than the width of a pencil eraser/5mm
E - Evolving/changing shape, size, color, elevation, or new symptoms.
What are the 5 common causes of lymphedema
lymph node removal
obesity
radiation treatment
infection
chronic venous insufficiency
There are 4 stages of lymphedema. State the description of each in order
Stage 0 - subclinical stage where swelling is barely noticeable
Stage 1 - Reversible damage with pitting edema
Stage 2 - Irreversible swelling, non pitting, stemmer’s sign
Stage 3 - fibrotic skin, large skin folds, permanent skin deformation
What is lipedema and what patient population is this typically found in
Lipedema is commonly found in women and is an excessive accumulatioon of fatty deposits underneath the skin in areas of the hip, butt, and thigh
True or false
Pt’s with lipedema have a normally functioning lymphatic system
true
How would a PT differentiate between lipedema and lymphedema
lymphedema affects both genders, unilateral, asymmetrical
Lipedema affects women, bilateral, and symmetrical
What is the rule of nines for an adult
Chest - 18%
Back - 18%
Legs - 18% each whole leg
Arms - 9% each whole arm
Head - 4.5%
What is the rule of nines for a child
Chest - 18%
Back - 18%
Legs - 13% each whole leg
Arms - 9% each whole arm
Head - 9%
What is the correct order of donning full PPE outfit
gown
mask
goggles/face shield
gloves
What is the correct order of doffing full PPE outfit
gloves
goggles/face mask
gown
mask
wash hands
What is pulsed lavage and what PPE should be utilized during its treatment?
a form of mechanical debridement where pressure water is used inside and around the wound bed to remove loosely adhered necrotic tissue, slough, exudate, and dirt.
gown, gloves, and mask are required.
What intensity of psi and what duration time is ideal during pulsed lavage
4-15 psi for ten to fifteen minutes
what is leukonychia
this is a nail abnormality with whitening of the nail plate in spots or lines
what is koilonychia
spoon nails, the nails look like the shape of a spoon
what is onycholysis
loosening of the nail plate from the distal edge inward
What is cushion’s disease
This is hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex on kidneys causes excessive secretion of cortisol and aldosterone.
What does cortisol and aldosterone do in the body.
In what pathology do we see an excess of this.
cortisol is the stress hormone and is responsible for maintaining the fight or flight response. Aldosterone assists with water and electrolyte regulation.
What are signs and symptoms of a pt with cushion’s syndrome.
retention of water, central obesity, unusual menstruation, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia.
What is Addison’s disease
This is an adrenal cortex insufficiency/hypofunction leading to inadequate secretion of cortisol and aldosterone.
What are signs and symptoms that a patient with Addison’s disease will present with
brown pigmentation
reduced strength
hyponatremia
nausea
orthostatic hypotension
weight loss
dehydration
What are signs and symptoms with hypothyroidism
obesity
memory loss
dyspnea
fatigue
cold intolerance
delayed DTR’s.
what is dyspareunia
painful intercourse
what is nocturia
increased urination at night
what is dysuria
pain or discomfort urinating
What are the major symptoms for prostatitis
back pain
painful urination
fever
perineal pain
What are signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
weak stream, dribbling at the end or urination, bladder pressure, incomplete emptying
What are signs and symptoms you would expect to see in someone with prostate cancer
sudden fever
sciatica pain
changes in bowel/bladder
Where is the spleen located and where does it refer pain
it is in the upper left quadrant under the diaphragm and sends pain to the upper left quadrant or left shoulder
Where is the diaphragm located and where does it refer pain
it spans the upper quadrants, this will result in sharp pain in costal margin, upper trap and shoulder
Where is the lower urinary tract located and where does it refer pain
the lower urinary tract is the bladder, urethra, sphincter, and prostate. This refers pain to the supra pubic region or lower back, inner thighs
where does the large intestine refer pain
lower midabdominal, sacrum
Where can the heart refer pain to
substernal to mid thoracic, bilateral jaw, left shoulder/arm
women can present with epigastric pain, right shoulder pain, and the feeling of indigestion
