Other Substances from Crude oil

Question 1

Cracking

Process and method

Answer 1

The process of using heat to turn large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules.

Method

Vapours are passed over a hot catalyst OR
Mixed with steam (water vapour) and heated at very high temperature

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons, with the general formula CnH2n

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons

Have a double bonds

Question 4

Bromine water

Answer 4

Used to test for alkenes – turns from orange to colourless.

Question 5

Monomers

Answer 5

Small molecules

Question 6

Polymers

Answer 6

A long molecule made of lots of monomers joined together.

Question 7

Polymerisation

Answer 7

The chemical reaction that makes polymers from monomers.

Question 8

Smart polymers

Answer 8

Polymers that may have their properties changed by light, temperature or by other changes in their surroundings.

Question 9

Biodegradable plastics

Answer 9

Plastics made with corn starch, that will break down naturally.

Question 10

Ethanol

Answer 10

A chemical in the group of alcohols with the formula C2H5OH

Question 11

Fermentation

Advantages and disadvantage

Answer 11

A chemical process carried out by yeast, that turns sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Sugar (Glucose) → carbon dioxide + ethanol
(37 degrees C)

Advantages

• low temperature
• renewable
• little energy needed

Disadvantages

• Batch process
• Lots of workers
• Slow
• Impure – need treatment to purify

Question 12

Steam Hydration of ethane

Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 12

Another method for making ethanol, by reacting ethane with steam.

Advantages

• continuous process
• few workers
• fast

Disadvantages

• high temperature and pressure
• non-renewable
• lots of energy needed