Other stuff Flashcards
Gradutated wash
Gradually gets lighter by adding more water to the brush
Variegated wash
One colour gradually blends into another
Pen and Watercolour
Paint first then go over with black marker when dry
Masking
Block out small areas of an artwork then paint over it. That area will stay white until you take the fluid off.
Body colour:
Adding white to other colours. Not recommended
Hard Edge
Paint one colour, let it dry before painting the next edge, otherwise the paint will bleed
Complimentary colour mixing
Use complimentary colours (opposite sides of the colour wheel) to make colours darker
Layering
Watercolour is built up with layers of colour to create darker areas
Wax resist
Use crayons, which contain wax that water won’t adhere to.
Scratching out
Use a knife to get areas back to pure white. Only do when the paper is very dry
Salt technique
Add salt to wet paint to get an interesting patterns
Lifting out
Use a dry towel to lift out sections of paint that are still wet. Good for clouds
Wet drop
Drop more colour onto an area while it is still wet
Textures without a brush
Watercolour painting does not always have to be done with a brush.
Scratching into wet paint
Use a blunt pointed object to scratch paper while paint is still wet. The paint will fill and become darker in the depressions created.
What is watercolour called in french?
Aquarelle
What are watercolour paints made of?
Tube: Pigment suspended in a water-soluble vehicle (gum arabic usually), Solid cake: powdered forms suspended in a binder.
What special quality does watercolour have?
They are transparent and appear luminous because the pigments are laid down in a relatively pure form with few filters obscuring the pigment colours.
How do make watercolours opaque?
Add white
What is watercolour painting done in East Asia?
Brush painting, done with inks. Has been the predominant form. Often done in monotone colours.
What other countries have a long tradition of watercolour painting?
India, ethiopia. Used in some way by almost all cultures.
Where did fingerpainting with watercolour paints orginate?
China
How long has watercolour been in use?
Cave paintings in paleolithic Europe, or at least since Egyptian times.
Early uses of watercolour include:
- illumination of books and manuscripts
- documenting plants and animal discoveries
What other occupations used watercolour?
Surveyors, mapmakers, military officers, engineers, illustrating public works.
What is the difference between student and professional watercolour paints?
Student has less pigment and less expensive pigments and a smaller range of colour
What natural fibres have watercolour brushes been made of and why?
Horse, squirrel, and mink. They hold water well and keep their shape.
What are the best brushes made from?
A Russian mink called the Kolinsky
How do you lighten watercolour paints?
Add more water. Use white paper as opposed to white paint.
Rough watercolour paper:
has a prominent tooth, or textured surface. Creates a grainy effect as pools of water collect in the indentations
Hot-pressed watercolour paper:
Has a fine grained, smooth surface. Paint dries very quickly on it. Ideal for wide, even washes of colour.
Cold-pressed watercolour paper
Slightly textured surface. Used most often.
How is the thickness of watercolour measured?
grams per square metre (gsm) or pounds per ream (lb)
Paper less than what weight should be stretched?
356 gsm
Value:
The relative lightness and darkness in a composition
Stippling:
Using patterns of dots to create different tones
Hatching:
using patterns of parallel lines to create different values
Crosshatching:
Using patterns of crossing lines to create different values
Shape:
element of art that is 2 dimensional and encloses a space
Form
element of art that is 3 dimensional and encloses a space
What is printmaking?
Creating an artwork from some surface, which then allows you to make multiple copies.
What are examples of printmaking surfaces?
Metal, stone, silkscreen, plastic
What are the types of printmaking?
- Relief printmaking (lino blocks)
- Lithography (huge, flat pieces of stone)
- Silkscreening (t-shirts made like this)
- Engraving (intaglio, etching)
What is Intaglio printmaking?
Hatching lines into a plastic plate to suggest varying degrees of tones and textures. Plate is inked and run through a press. Image is transferred to paper. Looks like a pen drawing.
What is hatching about?
Using patterns of lines to create the illusion of different tones. Styles vary.
How do you sign and label prints?
- done in pencil
- fraction represents number of prints made. Denominator is total, numerator is it’s number
- First prints labeled with A.P (artist proof) Used to check quality before the actual addition. Usually more valuable.
Graver
Aka drypoint needle. The tool used to scratch lines into the plate.
Burr
A ridge that will hold ink for printing. Ink is worked into the groove beside the ridge.
Blankets:
Sheets of felt used on a printing press to absorb and distribute pressure evenly
Cancellation proof
A final print made by the artist where the plate is purposely wrecked and another print is made to signify that the artist can never make another image from the plate again. Keeps value up.
Edition
The good prints that are pulled from the plate the artist has created. After a certain number of prints the quality is reduced
Multiple
An original work of art that exists as many copies.
Pull
To make a print by transferring ink to paper using a press
Roll up
To ink the plate
What does SLR stand for?
Single lens relfex
What is the benefit of an SLR?
The camera uses only one lens to both take the picture and show you what you are looking at. You see exactly what the picture will look like
Exposure refers to:
The quantity of light being used to create a good photo
Exposure is controlled by what 3 settings?
Shutter speed, aperture, and ISO
ISO means…
International Standards Organization. Refers to how sensitive the camera is to light.
Shutter speed is…
-the curtain like device that opens when you hit the shutter. Faster will freeze motion. 400 means 1/400s
Aperture refers to….
-the size of the opening in the lens. A larger aperture means more light but less depth of field
What does the macro symbol do for pictures?
Produce softly focused backgrounds, good for nature subjects
What setting should you use to capture fast moving subjects?
(little guy running) Selects fast shutter speed
What setting will pick all the exposure setting for you?
Full auto
What should you use to take a picture of a person in the dark?
Night portrait. Combines flash with slow shutter speed. Best used with a tripod
What setting will keep both near and far subjects in focus?
Landscape
If the camera is set to manual, what does the photographer have to set?
Everything.
If the photographer wants to select a specific shutter speed but not the f-stop, set the camera to what?
Shutter speed priority
What is the difference between full auto and programmed autoexposure?
FA: does everything
PA: Sets aperture and shutter speed but the photographer can control other advanced settings.
