Other Sensors Flashcards
is the distance measure with respect to a fixed reference point and can be measured whenever power is applied.
Absolute position
a measure of the change in position and is not referenced to a fixed point. It can
give very accurate one component with respect to another.
Incremental position
measured by the distance traversed in a given time, velocity when moving at a
constant speed, or acceleration when the speed is changing in a straight line
Rectilinear position
measurement of the change in position of a point about a fixed axis measured
in degrees or radians.
Angular position
is an angular displacement of 1/60 of a degree
Arc-minute
is a measure of the rate of rotation
Angular motion
the rate of change of position. This can be linear measurement or angular
measurement
Velocity or speed
is the rate of change of speed.
Acceleration
is a measure of the periodic motion about a fixed reference point or the shaking
that can occur in a process due to sudden pressure changes, shock, or unbalanced loading in rotational equipment.
Vibration
is a three-terminal circuit element that consists of a resistor and a moving contact.
Serve dual functions: (1) they can act as voltage dividers, splitting
an input voltage into two components that sum up to the original input, and (2)
they can function as variable resistors.
Potentiometers
is movement in one direction along a single axis. A position or linear displacement sensor is a device whose output signal represents the distance an
object has traveled from a reference point.
Linear variable differential transformers ((LVDT)
are used for very accurate incremental position measurements.
Light Interference lasers
can be used for distance measurements
Ultrasonic, infrared, laser, and microwave devices
A specific magnetic sensor is used to measure the direction and strength of magnetic fields from electromagnets or permanent magnets, with its output changing in proportion to the magnetic field’s strength.
Hall Effect Sensor
is an alternative to the Hall effect device. Its resistance
changes with magnetic field strength.
Magneto resistive element (MRE)
detect motion by sensing the presence or absence of light
Optical devices
is an electromechanical device that is used to measure acceleration forces
Accelerometers
is typically use acceleration devices to measure vibration
Vibration sensors
is a term that relates the mass of an object to its
acceleration and acts through its center of mass.
FORCE
Measure of the quantity of material in a given volume
of an object
MASS
of an object is the force on a mass due to the pull of
the gravity
WEIGHT
a measure of the force that can cause an object to
rotate about an axis. It is a vector quantity. The direction of this
vector depends on the direction of the force on the
axis.
Torque
occurs when two parallel forces of equal amplitude,
but opposite directions, are acting on an object to
cause rotation.
COUPLE
is a transducer that converts tensile and compressive
force into measurable electrical output. It used to generate an electrical signal that is required
mostly in industrial application.
LOAD CELL
A load cell works by converting mechanical force into ____ that the user can read and record. Most commonly used among the three types, specifically for weighing applications
including industrial scales, medical scales, and even retail scales.
digital values
highly sensitive lab instruments designed to accurately
measure mass.
It provide simple and accurate, and operates on the
principle of torque.
ANALYTICAL OR LEVER BALANCE
is a device that measures weight by measuring the
deflection of a spring when a weight is applied
The deflection of the spring is proportional to the
weight applied.
SPRING TRANSDUCER
can be used to measured force
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC DEVICES
____ use easily-compressible gas like air or
pure gas
Pneumatics
_____ utilize relatively-incompressible liquid media like mineral oil, ethylene
glycol, water, synthetic types, or high temperature
fire-resistant fluids to make power transmission
possible.
hydraulics
Produce an electrical charge between the opposite
faces of a crystal when the crystal is deformed by a
force that makes it suitable for use as a force sensor
PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES
Many crystals exhibit the piezoelectric effect. Some
crystals are as follows:
Quartz, Rochelle salt, Lithium
sulphate, and Tourmaline.
_____ are often used in electronics for their precise and stable frequency
characteristics.
Quartz crystals
typically refers to an electronic component that utilizes quartz crystals in its operation. ______ are used in many everyday electronic goods, such as smartphones and other information and communication systems, high-resolution audio products and other audio-visual equipment, and automobiles.
Quartz crystal devices
also known as a “dyno”
, is a device that measures force, torque or
power. It is a device that uses the twist or bending in a shaft due to torque to
measure force.
DYNAMOMETER
an electronic device that measures and
detects infrared radiation in its surrounding
environment.
INFRARED SENSOR
Anything that emits heat (everything that has
a temperature above around five degrees
Kelvin) gives off _____.
infrared radiation
There are two types of infrared sensors:
active and passive
is a type of radiation
detection device. It detects the leakage current between two plates that have a voltage between them. device in which two electrodes have been placed within an enclosed volume of gas to create an electric field.
IONIZATION CHAMBERS
is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a
medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound. It cannot travel through space or a
vacuum, unlike radio waves.
Start at 16 Hz and go up to 20 kHz. It can travel through the air at about 340
m/s.
SOUND WAVES
or compression wave has a regular pattern of high- and low-pressure regions. a wave (as a sound wave) in which the
propagated disturbance is a variation of pressure in a material medium (such as air)
PRESSURE WAVES
is a logarithmic measure used to measure and compare amplitude and power levels.
It is also widely used in electronics, signals and communication. _____ is a logarithmic way of describing a
ratio. The ratio may be power, sound’ pressure, voltage or intensity or several
other things
dB
electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength that travels in a vacuum with a speed of 299,792,458 meters (about
186,000 miles) per second.
is an ultra-high frequency
electromagnetic wave that travels at 3 x 10^8 m/s. Its amplitude is measured in footcandle (fc) or lux (lx).
LIGHT
is the brightness of light.
The unit measurement of_____ in the English system is the foot-candle (fc). In the SI system unit is the lux (lx).
The dB is also used for the comparison of
_____.
light intensity
transducers used to convert sound levels into electrical signals.
MICROPHONES
Variety of meters for measuring and analyzing sounds.
SOUND LEVEL METER
Used for detection and conversion of light intensity into electrical signals. ______ can be classified as photovoltaic, photoconductive,
photoemissive, and semiconductor
Photocells
convert sunlight into
electricity.
Photovoltaic cells
change their resistance with light intensity.
Photoconductive devices
the release of electrons from a usually solid material (such as a metal) by means of energy supplied by
incidence of radiation and especially light
Photoemissive
are photosensitive
and are commercially available as photodiodes and phototransistors
Semiconductors
bulb or lamp is a source
of electric light that works
by incandescence, which
is the emission of light
caused by heating the
filament.
INCANDESCENT LIGHT
most common commercially available light sources used in industry.
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES (LED)
above 30 kHz sound waves are _____.
Ultrasonic
