Other Rules

Question 1

Consonantal Iota Rules

Answer 1

• If the case ending begins with a vowel, the final stem vowel is an ε.
• If the case ending begins with a consonant, the final stem vowel is an ι.
• All nouns that end in consonantal iota are feminine (e.g., πίστις, πίστεως, ἡ).

Question 2

Rules of the Vocative

Answer 2

• In the plural, the vocative is always identical to the nominative plural.
• In the singular first declension, the vocative is the same as the nominative.
• In the singular second declension, the vocative ending is usually ε.

• In the singular third declension, the vocative is usually the bare stem of the word, sometimes with the stem vowel being changed
(ablaut).