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ARE 5.0 - PDD Exam > Other PDD Flashcards > Flashcards

Other PDD Flashcards

1
Q

Which occupancy group requires a rated fire wall between it and every other occupancy group?

A

Residential!

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2
Q

How would one calculate the minimum weight of the wall shown in the drawing? Code requirement that stabilizing moment is 1.5x the overturning moment

A

Correct. This is a three-part calculation. First, we must calculate the moment about point B. Then, we must calculate the weight of the wall needed to stabilize against this moment. Finally, we must apply the 1.5 factor of safety.

  • Step 1: Calculate the moment about point B.*
  • The overturning moment will equal the sum of moments produced by the lateral forces about point B. We calculate around point B because that is the point around which the structure would overturn, if forces acting from the left of the diagram were strong enough to overturn it.*

The force at the 2nd floor is 8 kips, and is 15’ away from point B along the Y-axis. The force at the 3rd floor is also 8 kips, and is 25’ away from point B along the Y-axis. The force at the 4th floor is 12 kips and is 45’ away from point B along the Y-axis. The equation is as follows:

  • M ov(B) = 8 kips x 15ft + 8 kips x (15ft + 10ft) + 12 kips x (15ft + 10ft + 10ft)*
  • M ov(B) = 8 x 15 + 8 x 25 + 12 x 35*
  • M ov(B) = 740 kip-ft*
  • Step 2: The stabilizing moment is given by the following equation, where ‘w’ is the weight of the wall needed to stabilize the structure. (We will use a capital ‘W’ in the next equation, which accounts for the factor of safety.)*
  • Since the wall acts upon the centroidal axis of the structure (that is, it is in the middle of the building), we must find the distance along the X-axis from point B to the wall. Since the building is 30 feet wide, we divide 30 in half to arrive at the distance of the moment arm.*
  • By definition, the stabilizing moment, M st(B), is equal to the overturning moment, M ov(B).*
  • M st(B) = w (30 ft / 2)*
  • 740 kip-ft = w (15 ft)*
  • 740 kip-ft / 15 ft = w*
  • 49.33 kips = w*

Step 3: Finally, we apply the 1.5 factor of safety. This is simply done by multiplying 1.5 times the stabilizing moment:

  • W = factor of safety (w)*
  • W = 1.5 (49.33 kips)*
  • W = 74 kips*
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3
Q

Do vapor barriers prevent the movement of air?

A

No! Just moisture

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4
Q

What are the three different types of facing bricks?

A

FBS - Size & Color variation

FBA - Almost uniform, but vary in size, color, and texture

FBX - Extreme Mechanical perfection

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5
Q

When is a door a reverse swing?

A

When it swings towards you opening it.

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6
Q

What is a board foot?

A

Equal to a 12” x 12” x 1” piece of wood.

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7
Q

Which standards reflect the technical requirements for sprinkler systems?

A

National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)

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8
Q

What are the four major causes of heat gain?

A
  1. Solar radiation through roof, walls and floors
  2. People
  3. Lighting
  4. Equipment
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9
Q

What are the two major sources of heat loss?

A
  1. Outside air infiltration
  2. Radiation through roofs, walls and floors
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10
Q

VAV HVAC

A

Variable Air Volume.

Just uses air.

Individual spaces control the amount of air

Can control humidity as well

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11
Q

Dual-Duct System

A

Separate ducts for heating and cooling

Uses air only

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12
Q

Reheat System

A

Uses only air.

May also filter and use outside air.

Like an in-wall unit, this system will condition air and put it back into a room.

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13
Q

Multizone HVAC System

A

Provides heating and cooling ducts to separate zones of a building.

Uses air only.

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14
Q

What are four types of air-only HVAC systems?

A

VAV

Dual Duct

Reheat

Multizone

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15
Q

How many BTUs is in a “Ton” of HVAC capacity?

A

12,000 BTU/hr is how much heat is required to turn a ton of ice into water in one day.

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16
Q

What is the difference between a register, grille, and diffuser?

A

A register has operable fins, a grille has a grate or wire weave, a diffuser is in the ceiling.

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17
Q

How many BTU/hr are in 1 Watt?

A

3.413 BTU/hr

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18
Q

How many Watts are in 1 Horsepower (HP)?

A

746 W = 1 HP

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19
Q

What are the typical electrical voltages supplied to a building?

A

Small & Residential - 120/240 volt single-phase 3-wire

Most commercial projects - 120/208 volt 3-phase 4-wire

Very-large-scale projects - 277/480 volt 3-phase 4-wire

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20
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

The forumla to find resistance

Voltage = Amperage x Resistance

or V=IxR

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21
Q

How high should outlets be?

A

12”-18” AFF

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22
Q

Where are GFCI outlet protection required?

A

Bathrooms/Lavatories

Kitchens

Garages

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23
Q

How many feet of vertical water can 1 PSI of force lift?

A

2.3’ (or 2’-4”)

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24
Q

What type of pipes are most susceptible to water hammer?

A

Copper pipes!

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25
Q

What are the three thicknesses of copper piping?

A

Type K - Thickest

Type L

Type M - Thinnest

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26
Q

What types of plastic pipes can deliver hot water?

A

PB - Polybutylene

CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

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27
Q

What is the typical maximum allowed deflection

A

Length of the beam in inches

divided by

360

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28
Q

What is the formula for deflection in a beam (uniformly distributed load)

A

Deflection = 5 (load in plf x Length of beam in inches)^4 / 384 (Modulus of Elasticity x Cross-section’s moment of inertia)

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29
Q

How many decibels is a normal conversation?

A

70 dB

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30
Q

How many decibels is a subway train?

A

95 dB

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31
Q

How many decibels is a loud concert?

A

115 dB

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32
Q

How many decibels are not good for the human ear?

A

90+ dB - sustained exposure may result in hearing loss

125 dB - pain begins

140 dB - short term exposure can cause permanent damage

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33
Q

What type of HID lamp are particularly sensitive to orientation? and why?

A

Metal Halide! They are designated with a proper burning position (base-up, horizontal, base-down) and will lose efficiency and lumen power if not installed correctly.

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34
Q

What is the easiest way to remember the difference between a Stack Vent and a Vent Stack?

A

Remember that the term “stack” in Vent Stack can be plural! (But a Stack Vent obviously sounds like one vent)

The singular Stack Vent is the portion of the soil stack above the highest plumbing fixture. It is literally a vent for the stack and is open to the outside at the top.

A Vent Stack (aka, a stack of vents) is a collection of vents from a number of fixtures that share one exterior outlet.

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35
Q

What are some key design factors for mechanical rooms?

A
  1. Boiler rooms and chilled water plants should be adjacent! (sometimes in the same room)
  2. These rooms must have at least one exterior wall to permit access to fuel tanks and for ventilation
    1. 12’ Minimum ceiling heights (varies by equipment)
  3. Rooms should be long and narrow, not square, to accommodate the equipment
  4. Consider the noise and weight of the equipment.
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36
Q

What must be known to calculate the solar heat gain of a window?

A

The design cooling factor

and

the area of the glass

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37
Q

What are some problems with excessive deflection?

A
  • Visually disturbing
    • Can damage windows, partitions, and plaster ceilings
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38
Q

What is a Cant Strip?

A

An angled piece of blocking that prevents the roofing membrane from having to make a 90 degree turn where the roof meets the parapet. This makes it less likely to crack or split

39
Q

What makes a story a “soft story” according to the IBC?

A

If it has the lateral stiffness less than 70% of that in the story above or less than 80% of the average stiffness of all the stories above.

40
Q

What are some different concrete finishes?

A

Broom - slip resistant

Float - rough, meant to be covered by carpet or tile

Troweled (steel, light-steel) - very smooth, can be sealed or painted as final finish.

41
Q

Concrete slab joints

A
42
Q

What are the primary restrictions on surface finishes in model codes?

A

The Occupancy Group

Location in the Building

43
Q

What is the best way to improve the transmission loss in a partition?

A

Add mass and resiliency

44
Q

What is the maximum permissible drift of one story relative to an adjacent story?

A

.0025 x the story height

(.36” for a 12’ story, for example)

45
Q

What are some requirements for fire extinguishers?

A

NFPA Requirements:

Clearly marked and visible

No more than 75’ from any occupant

Maintained, tested, labeled.

Readily accessible.

ADA Requirements:

Can’t protrude more than 4”, no higher than 48”

46
Q

What is the typical order of construction documents?

A

Site

Civil

Arch

Structural

Plumbing

Mechanical

Electrical

47
Q

What occupancy type requires a fire-rated wall between it and any other occupancy?

A

Residential!

48
Q

What spec division covers Procurement and Contracting Requirements?

A

00

Remember because you want ZERO discrepancies when attaining bids and completing contracts

49
Q

What spec division covers the General Requirements?

A

01

There is only 01 GENERAL

50
Q

What spec division covers Existing Conditions?

A

02

Remember - there are TWO existing trees on site

51
Q

What spec division covers Concrete?

A

03

Remember THREE main concrete elements. Foundations, Floors, and Walls

52
Q

What spec division covers Masonry?

A

04

Remember because a brick is about FOUR inches thick

53
Q

What spec division covers Metals?

A

05

Picture the pentagon built completely out of metal

54
Q

What spec division covers Wood, Plastics, and Composites?

A

06

Pick up sticks (wood)! When hiking, if there are no wood sticks available, look for plastics and composites

55
Q

What spec division covers Thermal and Moisture Protection?

A

07

Rhymes with Heaven. In heaven there’s probably perfect Thermal and Moisture protection because you’re above the clouds.

56
Q

What spec division covers Openings

A

08

Rhymes with MATE. Juliet looked out her window (Opening) to see her mate Romeo

57
Q

What spec division covers Finishes?

A

09

Rhymes with FINE! Once those finishes are on your building will be looking fine

58
Q

What spec division covers Specialties?

A

10

If shes a 10/10 then she is SPECIAL for sure

59
Q

What spec division covers Equipment?

A

11

All 11 players on a football team are wearing EQUIPMENT

60
Q

What spec division covers Furnishings?

A

12

There are 12 CHAIRS at the table in the last supper. (second religious reference, I swear I’m agnostic)

61
Q

What spec division covers Special Construction?

A

13

If you are going to build an ice rink (or any special construction) Mats Sundin would recommend that you look in section 13

62
Q

What spec division covers Conveying Equipment?

A

14

More than 14 people on an elevator starts to feel a little crowded.

63
Q

What spec division covers Fire Suppression?

A

21

The candles from a 21st birthday celebration + everyone being too drunk to deal with it = the fire alarm and sprinklers going off

64
Q

What spec division covers Plumbing

A

22

Picture Asante Samuel fixing the pipes under my sink or my toilet.

65
Q

What spec division covers HVAC?

A

23

HVAC rhymes with 23!

Picture Michael Jordan fixing my air conditioner

66
Q

What spec division covers Integrated Automation?

A

25

My network router probably has about 25 devices connected to it.

67
Q

What spec division covers Electrical?

A

26

There are TWO switches and SIX outlets in my bedroom

68
Q

What spec division covers Communications?

A

27

There are currently TWO SEVENS in my recent text messages (forgive me)

69
Q

What spec division covers Electronic Safety and Security?

A

28

I bet the Atlanta Falcons wished they had a little more SAFETY and SECURITY when they were up 28-3 in the Superbowl

70
Q

What spec division covers Earthwork?

A

31

Picture a bulldozer clearing a 31 shaped area of earth

71
Q

What spec division covers Exterior Improvements?

A

32

Picture a big 32 made from pavers, landscaping, retaining walls, and cleaning of exterior materials to make the house beautiful or improved

72
Q

What spec division covers Utilities?

A

33

This is my lucky number, and I am the one who pays the Utilities for our apartment

73
Q

What spec division covers Transportation?

A

34

Picture Auston Matthews on a subway

74
Q

What spec division covers Waterway and Marine Construction?

A

35

Think of how many times I-35 is probably spanning a waterway and needs to use this division to build the piers in waterways.

75
Q

What spec division covers Process Integration?

A

40

Most don’t really PROCESS their INTEGRATION into society until around age 40

76
Q

What spec division covers Material Processing and Handling Equipment

A

41

77
Q

What documents are in the Project Manual?

A

The written documents prepared for, or made available for, procuring and constructing the Work

Bidding Requirements

Contract Forms

Specs

!NOT DRAWINGS!

78
Q

What documents are in the Contract Documents?

A

Those items so designated in the Agreement, and which together comprise the Contract.

!Not Bidding!

Contract Forms

Specs

Contract Drawings (CDs)

Addenda

79
Q

What is included in the Bidding Documents?

A

Everything!

Bidding Requirements

Contract Forms

Specs

Contract Drawings (CDs)

Resource Drawings (existing)

Addenda

Modifications

80
Q

Performance Specs

A

a performance specification tells the contractor what the final installed product must be capable of doing. It is up to the contractor to work out the process, as long as the desired result is achieved.

81
Q

Prescriptive Spec

A

Used for highly complex portions of a project. An architect is prescribing a specific recipe for how to build or install something on the site.

82
Q

Proprietary Specs

A

Single approved product type!

83
Q

Vapor Retarder Classes

A

Class I - Very low permeability (.1 perms or less) aka blocks the most

Class II - Low permeability (.1 - 1 perms) blocks a lot

Class III - Medium permeability (1 - 10 perms) allows most vapor

84
Q

When should you avoid using a Class I Vapor Retarder?

A

Anywhere that moisture will be moving through the assembly from the outdoors easily. Climate zones 1-4 for example, with hot and humid climates. A strong vapor barrier on the inside of the assembly here will trap moisture inside the wall.

85
Q

When does the IBC require a Class I or II Vapor Retarder?

A

In climate zones 5, 6, 7, 8 and marine 4 (on the interior side of framed walls)

86
Q

Cement Types

A

Type I - General Purpose

Type IA - Air Entrained (use where freezing)

Type II - Moderate sulfate resistance (use when lots of sulfate in runoff)

Type III - High early strength (quick turn-around desired)

Type IV - Low heat (slow) used when large quantities like dams

Type V - High sulfate resistance

87
Q

How many lumens in 1 candela?

A

12.57 lumens

A lumen is the amount of flux on an imaginary sphere surrounding the source at one foot away. The area of a sphere is 4pi, so 1 candela x 4pi = 12.57

88
Q

What should one do when the ground is frozen but you are trying to pour a foundation?

A

Concrete should never be placed on frozen soil because it can subside when it thaws. Therefore, one should thaw the ground before placing any concrete.

89
Q

Brick Grades

A

SW - Severe Weathering

MW - Moderate Weathering

NW - Neglible Weathering

90
Q

Brick Types

A

FBS - So Not Uniform

FBA - Almost Uniform

FBX - X-tremely Uniform

91
Q

What are the different fire classifications?

A

A - Combustibles (wood, paper, trash) All campfires

B - Flammable liquids (oil, gas, paints) Burning fuel

C - Electrical (wiring, controls, appliances) Circuits

D - Combustible metals (magnesium, lithium, titanium) D-Cell Batteries with Lithium

K - Cooking (oils, grease) Kitchen Fires

92
Q

What is a square, in terms of roofing?

A

A square is 100 square feet and is the measurement used when estimating roofing.

93
Q

What materials have a HIGH embodied energy?

A

Manufactured with high heat (ceramics, glass, steel, concrete)

Manuf. with chemical/petrochemical (Epoxies, paints, foam insulation, plastics, engineered wood)

Intense mining (Copper, aluminum, stone)

94
Q

What materials have a LOW embodied energy?

A

Cellulose/Glass Fiber Insulation

Wood

Gyp Board

Plaster

Rammed Earth

ARE 5.0 - PDD Exam (2 decks)

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