Other Organic Stuff SL

Question 1

Homologous series

Answer 1

a series of compounds that have the same general formula
successive compounds differ by a CH2 unit
similar chemical properties
varying physical properties

Question 2

Naming long branch alkanes

Answer 2

1. locate longest chain
2. number the chains to give the side groups the smallest possible number
3. name the longest chain as an alkane
4. write the side groups alphabetically and use prefixes di, tri etc. if there are 2, 3 etc. of the same branching group
5. give each branching group a number to show where it is joined to the longer chain
6. put dashes between numbers and names and commas between numbers

Question 3

Structural isomers

Answer 3

have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of the atoms

Question 4

Naming alkenes and alkynes

Answer 4

1. select the longest carbon chain
2. number the chain to give the double bond (or triple bond) the smallest possible number
3. use the lower of the two numbers
4. put the number within the name
5. any alkyl side chains are indicated by a number in front of the name

Question 5

Geometric isomers

Answer 5

exist because there is no rotation about the double bond
cis: the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond
trans: the methyl groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Question 6

Naming aldehydes/ketones

Answer 6

1. name the longest chain that contains the aldehyde or ketone group
2. if carbonyl (C=O) is
   - on the end it is an aldehyde (use ending -al), no number needed (unless higher priority functional group is on molecule)
   - in the middle it is a ketone (use ending -one), number the carbons to figure out what C the C=O is on, number can go at the front or right before the ending

Question 7

Naming alcohols

Answer 7

1. name the longest chain
2. use the ending -ol
3. number carbons to figure out what C the -OH group is on
4. number goes before the ending

Question 8

Naming carboxylic acids

Answer 8

1. name longest chain containing the carboxylic acid group
2. use the ending -anoic acid

Question 9

Naming esters

Answer 9

1. count number of carbons in chain attached to carbonyl (C=O) including cabonyls carbon
2. add -anoate ending
3. name alkyl group attached to O and add as prefix

Question 10

Naming halegenoalkanes

Answer 10

1. name the longest carbon chain
2. give a prefix for the halogen and if more than one, they are put in alphabetical order
   fluro
   chroro
   bromo
   iodo
3. number the location of the halogen so that it has the lowest no. possible
4. if more than one halogen use di/tri prefix