Other Metals

Question 1

Cadmium exp

Answer 1

Nicad batteries
Cables
Alloys/ Welding
Metal coatings

Question 2

Cadmium kinetics

Answer 2

Inhalation
Slow excretion
Renal liver accumulation

Question 3

Cadmium effects

Answer 3

Prox tubule dysfunction like fanconi
Metal fume fever, pulm oedema, ARDS
COPD
Repro tox/fert

Question 4

Cadmium monitor

Answer 4

Blood/urine any time

= all routes

Question 5

Chrome exp

Answer 5

STAINLESS STEEL welding
Electroplate
Paint/pigs/leather tanning

Question 6

Chrome acute effects

Answer 6

Skin
Eye
URT irritation

Skin burns/ulcers - worse if cuts

Question 7

Chrome lt effects

Answer 7

Skin sens
Resp sens
Nasal /septal ulcers

Kidney/lung damage
Lung CANCER

Fetal

Question 8

Chrome monitoring

Answer 8

Urine post shift week BMGV 10umol/mol creat

Wel 0.05 mgm3 chrome hex
0.5 others

Question 9

Chrome health surveillance

Answer 9

Skin insp

Resp

Question 10

BMGV

Answer 10

Higher = INADEQUATE CONTROL

Not nec = health effects

Question 11

Cobalt exp

Answer 11

Hard/super alloys ie aeospace heavy eng
Hard metals ie grinding tools
Ceramics/paint = pigment

Question 12

Cobalt monitoring

Answer 12

Blood/urine end of shift/week

Question 13

Cobalt surveillance

Answer 13

Skin

Resp

Question 14

Cobalt routes

Answer 14

Inh, skin, gi ie eating

Question 15

Cobalt acute

Answer 15

GI ie pain/v if ingested

Question 16

Cobalt effects

Answer 16

Skin and resp sensitisation CROSS REACTIVITY WITH NICKEL

Hard metal disease - inflammation IPF

? Cardiomyopathy/ thyroid

Question 17

Manganese exp

Answer 17

Stainless and mild steel
Batteries
Fertiliser
Metal fabric/welding etc

Question 18

Manganese effects

Answer 18

CNS from inhalation
Sleepy, leg weakness

?chronic - pneumonitis
HSE =’PD like

Question 19

Manganese WEL changed

Answer 19

0.05mgm3

Question 20

Mercury exp

Answer 20

Electrical equip mfr

CFL fluoro bulb recycling

Healthcare/dentists

Chlor alkali process - electrode (making chlorine from sodium hydroxide)

Batteries/old thermometers

Production: biocides/fungicides

Question 21

Mercury effects general

Answer 21

Resp - irritation from acute inhalation VAPOUR
Renal tubular damage
Psychomotor- dementia, polyneuropathy

Question 22

Mercury forms

Answer 22

Elemental/metallic liquid/vapour INHALED
Inorganic - usually powder
Organic - ie methyl meurcury - contaminated fish

Question 23

Effects mercury vapour

Answer 23

Volatile/inhaled

CNS, resp, GI, renal, immune

Resp - pulm irritation
Pneumonitis
Pulm oedema
ARDS
necrotising bronchilitis

Flu/GI

Neuro psych - hallucinations, tremor, irritability
Lt memory personality change

Question 24

Mercury inorg salts

Answer 24

VERY CORROSIVE
Skin, eyes, GI

Ie n, haematemesis, colitis, intestinal mucosal necrosis

VERY TOXIC
ie fatal at 0.5g

Question 25

Organomercury

Answer 25

Acute inhalation

Ie food methyl mercury = chronic fish
Aryl mercury

GI and mucous memb irritation eg n&v
Systemic toxicity

Question 26

Mercury monitor

Answer 26

Cumulative inorg urine

Acute inorg blood