Other Fluids Flashcards
Amniotic Normal
Squamous Epithelials
Amniotic Increased WBC
Infection
Amniotic Increased RBC
Trauma
Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Wash
Use Saline Wash
Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Collection
Not Sterile
Oral Contamination
Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Cells
Epithelial Cells
- Squamous
- Columnar
Semen Collection
Collect the entire sample (ejaculation)
Semen Fluid Acid
Approx is 20-30%
- Acid phosphatase
- Citric Acid
- Zinc
- Proteolytic enzymes
Days for Semen Collection
Collected after 2 days of abstinence and no more than 7 days
Falsely increased numbers
If the last portion of ejaculate is not collected
Falsely decreased numbers
If the first portion of the ejaculate is not collected
Fertility Sperm Testing
Two or Three specimens be collected not less than 7 days or more than 3 weeks apart
- 2 abnormal samples are considered significant
Collecting Container for Sperm
Warm sterile glass or plastic containers
Sperm Specimens Kept at
37 C if unable to test immediately
- If patient is bringing sample in, the sample must be kept at room temperature
Information Recorded for Patient
Name
Date of Birth
Period of sexual abstinence
Completeness of specimen
Difficulties collecting
Times of collection
Specimen Receipt
Semen Composition
5% Spermatozoa
60-70% Seminal Fluid
20-30% Prostate Fluid
5% Bulbourethral glands
Condoms (if required)
Only use nonspermicidal, nonlubricant containing rubber or polyurethane
Semen Analysis
Appearance
Liquefaction
Volume
Viscosity
pH
Sperm Concentration
Sperm Count
Normal Semen Appearance
Grey-white color
Translucent
Characteristic musty odor
Increased White turbidity
Infection within reproductive tract
Red Color in Semen
Is abnormal and from RBCs
Yellow Color to Semen
May be caused by urine contamination
Specimen collection after prolonged abstinence
Medications
Urine issues with sperm
Toxic
Semen Liquefaction
Fresh sample is clotted and should liquefy in about 30 to 60 minutes
Failure to Liquefy
Caused by deficiency in prostatic enzymes and should be reported
If still not liquid after 2 hrs
An equal volume of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline or proteolytic enzymes (alpha-chymotrypsin or bromelain) may be added
(These may affect biochemical tests)
Normal Semen Volume
2 and 5 mL
Increased Semen Volumes
Seen after periods of extended abstinence
Decreased Semen volume
Associated more frequently with infertility
- indicates improper functioning of one of the semen-producing organs (primarily seminal vesicles)
Normal Semen Viscosity
Small discrete droplets that do not appear clumped or stringy when falling from pipette
Normal Semen pH
Measured within 1 hour of ejaculation
7.2 to 8.0
Increased Semen pH
Indicates infection within the reproductive tract
Decreased Semen pH
Increased prostatic fluid
Obstruction of ejaculatory duct
Poorly developed seminal vesicles
Normal Sperm Concentration
Greater than 20 to 250 million sperm per mL
Sperm Motility
Determined by using a slide and looking under the scope for movement in a certain number of fields
- Progressive motility
- Nonprogressive motility
- Immotility
Progressive motility
Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
Nonprogressive motility
Sperm moving with an absence of progression
Immotility
No movement
Semen Morphology
Must be noted as well
Normal is oval shaped head with a long, flagellar tail
Acrosomal cap located on tip of head should encompass approximately half of the head
