Other drugs for final Flashcards
Methotrexate
Inhibits DHFR to fight cancer and rheumatoid arthritis (low doses)
Pyrimethamine
Inhibits DHFR to treat malaria
5 - Fluorouracil
Inhibits thmidylate synthase preventing the formation of dTMP from dUMP. Inhibits DNA synthesis inhibiting DNA synthesis and malignant growth
*Cytotoxic and CCS
Statins (i.e. atorvostatin)
Blocks HMG CoA reductase reducing cholesterol production. Used in familial hypercholestemia and other cases of hyperlipedemia
Warfarin
Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase thus inhibiting clot formation. Used for certain arrrhythmias, replaced heart valves, heart attack patients etc
Must be very careful with dosage/metabolism etc. refer to lecture material for this info.
Metformin
Phosphorylates and activates AMPK –> sequesters TORC2 in the cytoplasm preventing increased gluconeogenic expression. Use for type II diabetes
Hydroxyurea
Used to increase fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell disease. Carcinogenic and can cause a low white cell count.
Disulfiram
Inhibits Aldehyde dehydrogenase causing increased aldehyde levels when alcohol is consumed leading to hangover.
N-carbomyl glutamate
Used to treat NAG synthase defeciency
Benzoic acid
Used in urea cycle disorders to facilitate alternate amino acid pathways for nitrogen excretion.
Phenylbutyrate
Used in urea cycle disorders to facilitate alternate amino acid pathways for nitrogen excretion.
Arginate
Deficiency in urea cycle enzymes causing increased excretion of arginosuccinate and allows recycling of intermediates.
Taxol
Binds and stabilized polymerized microtubules which kills cells because they must be dynamic. Used to fight cancer because microtubules are important for chromosome movements
Slidenafil
(Slide it in :)) Slows breakdown of cGMP resulting in prolonged synthesis of NO and increased vasodialtion. Used to treat erectile dysfunction (AKA Viagra)
18F - fluorodeoxyglucose
non-metabolizable glucose. Used to visualize tumors in PET scan.
Cetuximab
Used to treat cancers with EGFR mutations, but not those with Ras mutations. Antibody that blocks EFGR.
Gleevec
Blocks BCR-ABL 9:22 fusion protein which is the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia. This fusion protein is needed for transposon moving from chromosome 9 to 22 creating Philadelphia chromosome.
Doxorubicin/Epirubicin
MOA- Intercalates DNA and Inhibits topo II thus inhibiting DNA synthesis (S phase). Also activates p53 leading to cell death.
*Cytotoxic and CCNS
Cyclophosphamide
DNA alkylating agent. Cancer cells lack p53 which would arrest cell cycle with DNA probs –> continue to divide and eventually die. Works especially well with cancers that have a p53 mutation.
Side effects - Causes bone marrow suppression which leads to immunocompromisation
*Cytotoxic and CCNS
Paclitaxel
Stabilized microtubules which blocks cell cycle during M phase.
*Cytotoxic and CCS
Tamoxifen
Competitive inhibitor for estrogen used to treat estrogen dependent breast cancer.
*non cytotoxic antineoplastic
Pegfilgastrim
Leukocyte growth factor given with chemotherapy to improve cell counts
6-mercaptopurine
Used to treat childhood leukemias. Example of needing genetic testing. 80% success, but lethal in 10% of the population, especially high lethality in Native Americans.
Codeine
Metabolized to morphine when proper ratio of cyp 2d6 to 3a4. Too much 3a4 = poor metabolizer, too much 2d6 = ultrarapid metabolizer. Important influencing factors are: Quinidine (reduces 2d6 inhibits metabolism), Grapefruit juice (lowers 3a4 = faster metab)
