Other drugs for final

Question 1

Methotrexate

Answer 1

Inhibits DHFR to fight cancer and rheumatoid arthritis (low doses)

Question 2

Pyrimethamine

Answer 2

Inhibits DHFR to treat malaria

Question 3

5 - Fluorouracil

Answer 3

Inhibits thmidylate synthase preventing the formation of dTMP from dUMP. Inhibits DNA synthesis inhibiting DNA synthesis and malignant growth

*Cytotoxic and CCS

Question 4

Statins (i.e. atorvostatin)

Answer 4

Blocks HMG CoA reductase reducing cholesterol production. Used in familial hypercholestemia and other cases of hyperlipedemia

Question 5

Warfarin

Answer 5

Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase thus inhibiting clot formation. Used for certain arrrhythmias, replaced heart valves, heart attack patients etc

Must be very careful with dosage/metabolism etc. refer to lecture material for this info.

Question 6

Metformin

Answer 6

Phosphorylates and activates AMPK –> sequesters TORC2 in the cytoplasm preventing increased gluconeogenic expression. Use for type II diabetes

Question 7

Hydroxyurea

Answer 7

Used to increase fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell disease. Carcinogenic and can cause a low white cell count.

Question 8

Disulfiram

Answer 8

Inhibits Aldehyde dehydrogenase causing increased aldehyde levels when alcohol is consumed leading to hangover.

Question 9

N-carbomyl glutamate

Answer 9

Used to treat NAG synthase defeciency

Question 10

Benzoic acid

Answer 10

Used in urea cycle disorders to facilitate alternate amino acid pathways for nitrogen excretion.

Question 11

Phenylbutyrate

Answer 11

Used in urea cycle disorders to facilitate alternate amino acid pathways for nitrogen excretion.

Question 12

Arginate

Answer 12

Deficiency in urea cycle enzymes causing increased excretion of arginosuccinate and allows recycling of intermediates.

Question 13

Taxol

Answer 13

Binds and stabilized polymerized microtubules which kills cells because they must be dynamic. Used to fight cancer because microtubules are important for chromosome movements

Question 14

Slidenafil

Answer 14

(Slide it in :)) Slows breakdown of cGMP resulting in prolonged synthesis of NO and increased vasodialtion. Used to treat erectile dysfunction (AKA Viagra)

Question 15

18F - fluorodeoxyglucose

Answer 15

non-metabolizable glucose. Used to visualize tumors in PET scan.

Question 16

Cetuximab

Answer 16

Used to treat cancers with EGFR mutations, but not those with Ras mutations. Antibody that blocks EFGR.

Question 17

Gleevec

Answer 17

Blocks BCR-ABL 9:22 fusion protein which is the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia. This fusion protein is needed for transposon moving from chromosome 9 to 22 creating Philadelphia chromosome.

Question 18

Doxorubicin/Epirubicin

Answer 18

MOA- Intercalates DNA and Inhibits topo II thus inhibiting DNA synthesis (S phase). Also activates p53 leading to cell death.

*Cytotoxic and CCNS

Question 19

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 19

DNA alkylating agent. Cancer cells lack p53 which would arrest cell cycle with DNA probs –> continue to divide and eventually die. Works especially well with cancers that have a p53 mutation.

Side effects - Causes bone marrow suppression which leads to immunocompromisation

*Cytotoxic and CCNS

Question 20

Paclitaxel

Answer 20

Stabilized microtubules which blocks cell cycle during M phase.

*Cytotoxic and CCS

Question 21

Tamoxifen

Answer 21

Competitive inhibitor for estrogen used to treat estrogen dependent breast cancer.

*non cytotoxic antineoplastic

Question 22

Pegfilgastrim

Answer 22

Leukocyte growth factor given with chemotherapy to improve cell counts

Question 23

6-mercaptopurine

Answer 23

Used to treat childhood leukemias. Example of needing genetic testing. 80% success, but lethal in 10% of the population, especially high lethality in Native Americans.

Question 24

Codeine

Answer 24

Metabolized to morphine when proper ratio of cyp 2d6 to 3a4. Too much 3a4 = poor metabolizer, too much 2d6 = ultrarapid metabolizer. Important influencing factors are: Quinidine (reduces 2d6 inhibits metabolism), Grapefruit juice (lowers 3a4 = faster metab)