Other concepts in Part 1 (Background and Surveillance) Flashcards
What is the chain of infection?
Agent –> Reservoir –> Portal of Exit
–> Mode of transmission –> Portal of entry –> Susceptible host
What is the agent?
A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease.
What is the reservoir?
A place where agents can thrive and reproduce.
What is the portal of exit?
A place of exit that allows the agent to leave the reservoir.
What is the mode of transmission?
A method of transfer by which the organism moves or is carried from one place to another.
What is the portal of entry?
An opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.
What is the susceptible host?
A person who cannot resist a microorganism that is invading the body and multiplying and resulting in an infection.
What is the natural history and spectrum of disease?
The progression of a disease in a person over time if they aren’t treated.
What are the four health determinants from greatest to least importance?
- Social and societal characteristics
- Health behaviors
- Access to and use of health services and medical care
- Genes and Biology
What is a health outcome?
The result of a medical condition that impacts the length or quality of a person’s life.
What are the 4 steps of the public health approach?
- Surveillance
- Risk Factor Identification
- Intervention Evaluation
- Implementation
What are the 5 steps of surveillance?
- Data collection
- Data analysis (by where the cases was located)
- Data interpretation (by using the person, place, and time to figure out the how and why)
- Data dissemination (distribution)
- Link to action
What is a determinant?
A factor (not necessarily the cause) that contributes to the generation of a trait.
What is clinical care?
Prevention, treatment, and management of illness.
What is epidemiology?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specific populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
