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MDL 216 OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS > OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS > Flashcards

OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Name the phenotypes and frequencies of the MN blood group
A

Genotype pheonotype frequency
MM M 28%
MN MN 50%
N N 22%
Phenotype Caucasian African Am
M 78% 74%
N 72% 75%
S 57% 30%
s 88% 93%
U High 99.7%

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2
Q

Ig class on MN

A

most cold reactive IgM, few IgG

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3
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium on MN

A

RT and lower

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4
Q

does MN fixe Complement

A

NO

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5
Q

Implicated in HDFN and HTR? MN

A

rare

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6
Q

pH of MN

A

anti-M- 6.5

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7
Q

Dosage effect of MN

A

yes

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8
Q

Is MN destroyed by Enzymes

A

yes

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9
Q

Where is anti-M usually observed (phase- temp)?

and 4. Where is anti-N usually observed (phase- temp)?

A

RT-IS and colder

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10
Q
  1. Describe the following about the S antibodies:

Ig class

A

IgG

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11
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium for S antibodies

A

AHG(some can be at 37C)

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12
Q

does S antibodies fix compliments

A

yes

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13
Q

does S antibodies have dosage effect

A

yes

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14
Q

Is S antibodies destroyed by enzymes

A

S yes (ficin & papain), s maybe

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15
Q

Describe the formation of anti-U:

A

S-s-U- individuals

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16
Q

Is anti-U implicated in HDFN and HTR?

A

yes

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17
Q

Three main P system antigens

A

P1, P, and Pk (P and Pk are on right P1 on left)

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18
Q

Name the 2 Blood group systems related to the P system:

A

ABH and I

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19
Q

Describe Ig of P antibodies

A

IgM

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20
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium of P antibodies

A

RT and below, Saline

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21
Q

Does P antibodies fix compliments

A

Yes

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22
Q

Is P antibodies implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

yes

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23
Q

Name the disease/ condition associated with Anti P

A

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (Donath Landsteiner test); also spontaneous abortions

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24
Q

Name the disease/ condition associated with Anti P1

A

parasitic infection

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25
Q

Name the disease/ condition associated with Anti-PP1Pk

A

Spontaneous Abortion in early pregnancy

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26
Q

Individuals lacking P system Ag’s appear to be 1naturally resistant to infection from

A

uropathogenic E. coli, parvo-B19 virus

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27
Q

Describe the effect of storage on the P antigen

A

rapid deterioration

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28
Q

Name the 2 main antigens in the Lutheran system

A

Lu^a

Lu^b

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29
Q

Name the 2 main antigens in the Lutheran system and their frequency:

A

Lu^a + = 8%

Lu^b + = 99.8%

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30
Q

What is the difference between anti- Lu^a and anti- Lu^b?

A

Anti-Lua is seen occasionally, but anti-Lub is very rare as most people are positive (high frequency Ag). Anti-Lua mixed field reaction.

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31
Q

Ig Class of Lutheran

A

IgM or IgG Lua, IgG Lub

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32
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium of Lutheran

A

RT and below, or 37 and AHG

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33
Q

Does Lutheran fix compliments

A

yes some

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34
Q

is Lutheran implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

Mild since Ag’s poorly developed at birth; mild HTR

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35
Q

Name and symbol K

A

K Kell 9% +

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36
Q

Name and Symbol of small k

A

k Cellano 99.8% +

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37
Q

Name and Symbol of Kp^a

A

Kpa Penney 2% Caucasians

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38
Q

Name and Symbol of Kp^b

A

Kp^b Rautenberg >99.9% +

39
Q

Name and Symbol of Js^a

A

Js^a Sutter 20% African Americans

40
Q

Name and Symbol of Js^b

A

Jsb Matthews >99% +

41
Q

What is the high frequency in Kell system

A

Cellano, Rautenberg, Matthews

42
Q

what are the low frequncy in Kell system

A

Penney, Sutter

43
Q

Kell antibodies Ig

A

IgG (some are IgM in early detection)

44
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium in Kell antibodies

A

AHG (some K at 37C)

45
Q

does Kell fix compliments

A

20% bind compliments

46
Q

is kell implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

yes severe

47
Q

Describe how anti-Kell ranks in immunogenicity

A

most commonly seen in Blood Bank after ABO and Rh antibodies

48
Q

Describe the McLeod phenotype

A

Males, decreased expression of k, Jsb, and Kpb; X-linked chronic granulomatous disease; Syndrome shows abnormal RBC morphology (Acanthocytosis, Anisocytosis, increased osmotic fragility, Reticulocytosis), reduced serum Haptoglobin, and spleenomegaly. Some muscular abnormalities, cardiomyopathy and increased CK-MM bands.

49
Q

Describe the unique feature of the Lewis system

A

System of genetically determined water-soluble antigens manufactured by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids. Antigens are adsorbed from the plasma onto the RBCs

50
Q

Name the 3 common phenotypes of the Lewis System and their %.

A

Phenotypes: Caucasians African Americans
Le(a-b+) 72% 55%
Le(a+b-) 22% 23%
Le(a-b-) 6% 22%

51
Q

what is the phenotype found in newborn for lewis

A

Le(a-b-)

52
Q

what phenotype of Lewis is found in Newborns saliva

A

Le^a and Le^b

53
Q

what is found in newborns plasma (lewis)

A

none

No detectable Le antigen, therefore no Le antigens on newborn RBCs

54
Q

What are the 3 genes the Lewis phenotypes are dependent upon

A

Le ABO secretor

55
Q

Describe the inheritance of the Lewis System of Le^a:

A

ABO and Lewis gene; gene codes for L-fucosyltransferase that adds L-fucose to basic precursor substance on tissue cells = Lea soluble substance

56
Q

Describe the inheritance of the Lewis System of Le^b

A

ABO, Lewis gene and Secretor gene; ABH, Lea and Leb substances in secretions

57
Q

Describe the inheritance of the Lewis System of Le(a-b-)

A

lele; lack of Le antigens on RBC but still present in tissues and secretions of secretors; also newborn’s phenotype

58
Q

Ig class for Lewis antibodies

A

IgM

59
Q

Best reaction temp/ medium: for lewis antibodies

A

RT and Saline

60
Q

Does Lewis fixes Complement

A

Anti-Lea = YES; anti-Leb = NO

61
Q

Is Lewis implicated in HDFN or HTR:

A

NO

62
Q

Why is lewis not implicated in HDFN

A

Newborn phenotype :Le(a-b-) and Le antibodies do not cross placenta

63
Q

Name the condition where Lewis antibodies are frequently encountered and then disappear when the condition clears up

A

pregnancy

64
Q

What substance neutralizes Lewis antibodies and where is it found

A

Lewis Blood Group Substance- found in saliva or plasma

65
Q

Name the four phenotypes of the Duffy system

A

Fy(a+b-)
Fy(a+b+)
Fy(a-b+)
Fy(a-b-)

66
Q

Name the four phenotypes of the Duffy system and their frequency

A 
PHENOTYPE		Caucasian%	African Am %	
Fy(a+b-)			18%			0.9%
Fy(a+b+)		       49%	        	1.3%
Fy(a-b+)			34%			22%
Fy(a-b-)			0.01%		68%
67
Q

Describe how the Duffy antigens rank in immunogenicity as compared to other blood group systems

A

Modestly immunogenic

68
Q

Ig class of Duffy antibodies:

A

IgG

69
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium for Duffy antibodies

A

AHG

70
Q

does Duffy fix compliment

A

yes

71
Q

Is Duffy Implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

Yes HDFN, sometimes delayed Hemolytic transfusion

72
Q

does Duffy have dosage effect

A

yes

73
Q

is Duffy destroyed by Enzymes

A

Yes

74
Q

Describe the relationship of the Duffy antigens and Plasmodium vivax (malaria).

A

Fy(a-b-) phenotype shows resistance to malaria infection. Merozoites can only invade Fy(a+) or Fy(b+) cells with normal antigens present/ Survival of the fittest example.

75
Q

Describe the four phenotypes in the Kidd system

A

Jk(a+b-)
Jk(a+b+)
Jk(a-b+)
Jk(a-b-)

76
Q

Describe the four phenotypes in the Kidd system and their frequency

A 
PHENOTYPE		Caucasian%	African Am %	Asian %
Jk(a+b-)			26.3			51.1			23.22
Jk(a+b+)		        50.3			40.8			49.94
Jk(a-b+)			23.4			8.1			26.84
Jk(a-b-)			<.1
77
Q

Describe the following about the Kidd antibodies:

Ig class:

A

IgG

78
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium of Kidd system

A

AHG

79
Q

Does Kidd system fix compliments

A

Yes- best to use polyspecific AHG to detect weak examples!!! Clears from liver quickly

80
Q

is Kidd Implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

mild in HDFN delayed in HTR

81
Q

does Kidd have a dosage effect

A

yes

82
Q

Name three reasons the Kidd system is hard to work with in the Blood Bank

A

slow dosage
weak reaction
found with combination with other anibodies

83
Q

Diego antibodies Ig class

A

IgG

84
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium for Diego

A

AHG

85
Q

Is Diego implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

Yes

86
Q

Name the two main antigens in Diego

A

Dia and Dib and Wra and Wrb

87
Q

Name the 2 main antigens in the Cartwright system

A

Yt^a Yt^b

88
Q

Ig class for Cartwright

A

IgG

89
Q

does Cartwright bind compliment

A

yes

90
Q

Is Cartwright implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

Subclinical HDFN

91
Q

Name the 2 main antigens in the Xg system

A

Xg^a and CD99

92
Q

Ig class for Xg

A

IgG

93
Q

Best reaction Temp and medium for Xg

A

AHG

94
Q

is Xg implicated in HDFN and HTR

A

not documented

MDL 216 OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS (1 decks)

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