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MT 6314 - 3RD SHIFTING > OTHER BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

OTHER BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

It is a monobactam that is resistant to beta-lactamases produced by certain gram-negative rods, including Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Serratia

A

Aztreonam

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2
Q

The drug has no activity against gram- positive bacteria or anaerobes.

A

Aztreonam

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3
Q

It is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, preferentially binding to a specific penicillin-binding protein (PBP3), and is synergistic with aminoglycosides.

A

Aztreonam

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4
Q

Aztreonam is administered via ___?

A

Intravenously

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5
Q

Aztreonam is eliminated via _____?

A

Renal tubular secretion

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6
Q

T or F: Aztreonam has cross-allergenicity with penicillin

A

F, Aztreonam has no cross-allergenicity with penicillin

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7
Q

Which of the following are the adverse effects of Aztreonam?

a. Vertigo
b. Rare hepatotoxicity
c. GI upset with possible superinfection
d. Headache
e. All of the above

A

e. all of the above

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8
Q

These (4) drugs are CARBAPENEMS (chemically different from penicillins but RETAINING the beta-lactam ring structure) with LOW susceptibility to beta-lactamases.

A

Imipenem, Doripenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem

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9
Q

CARBAPENEMS drugs have wide activity against ____?

A
  • Gram-negative rods including P. aeruginosa
  • Gram-positive cocci (including penicillin-resistant pneumococci)
    -Anaerobes
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10
Q

It is useful for infections caused by organisms resistant to other antibiotics

A

Imipenem, Doripenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem (Carbapenems)

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11
Q

Imipenem, Doripenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem (Carbapenems) is administered via ____ ?

A

IV (parenterally)

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12
Q

For pseudomonal infections, carbapenems drugs are often used in combination with _____?

a. penicillin
b. aminogylcoside
c. cephalosporins
d. amoxicillin

A

b. aminoglycoside

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13
Q

_______ is combined with cilastatin, which inhibits
renal dehydropeptidases

A

Imipenem

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14
Q

______ is currently the co-drugs of choice for infections caused by Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia species

A

Carbapenems

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15
Q

_______ rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I and is administered in fixed combination with cilastatin, an inhibitor of this enzyme

A

Imipenem

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16
Q

_______ increases the plasma half-life of imipenem and inhibits the formation of a potentially nephrotoxic metabolite

A

Cilastrin

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17
Q

T or F: Other carbapenems are not significantly degraded by the kidney

A

T

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18
Q

T or F: Adverse effects of imipenem-cilastatin include gastrointestinal distress and CNS toxicity (confusion, encephalopathy, seizures)

A

T

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19
Q

T or F: Carbapenems have a partial cross-allergenicity with penicillins

A

T

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20
Q

______ similar to imipenem except that it is not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidases and is less likely to cause seizures

A

Meropenem & Doripenem

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21
Q

_______ drug has slightly greater activity against gram (-) aerobes and slightly less activity against gram (+)

A

Meropenem & Doripenem

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22
Q

______ active against enterococci and Pseudomonas, and its intramuscular injection causes pain and irritation.

A

Ertapenem

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23
Q

Type of carbapenem drug which is NOT degraded by renal dehydropeptidase

A

Ertapenem

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24
Q

Type of carbapenem drug which has a long half-life

A

Ertapenem

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25
Q

Type of carbapenem drug which that penetrate in CSF well

A

Imipenem, Doripenem, Meropenem

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26
Q

______ used in fixed combinations with certain hydrolyzable penicillins

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam (Beta-lactamases inhibitor)

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27
Q

______ is the most active against plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases such as those produced by gonococci, streptococci, E coli, and H influenzae.

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam (Beta-lactamases inhibitor)

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28
Q

______ not good inhibitors of inducible chromosomal beta-lactamases formed by Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Serratia.

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam (Beta-lactamases inhibitor)

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29
Q

Bactericidal glycoprotein

A

Vancomycin

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30
Q

_____ binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain

A

Vancomycin

31
Q

What is VRE and VRSA?

A

VRE - Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
VRSA - Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

32
Q

_____ inhibits transglycosylation

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

It is isolated from the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis

A

Vancomycin

34
Q

______ is a backup drug for treatment of infection caused by Clostridium difficile

A

Vancomycin

35
Q

Given for bacterial enterocolitis

A

Vancomycin

36
Q

T or F: Vancomycin is given orally for bacterial enterocolitis

A

T

37
Q

Similar drugs of Vancomycin

A

Teicoplanin and Telavancin

38
Q

______ has a narrow spectrum of activity and is used for serious infections caused by drug-resistant gram-positive cocci and anaerobes, including MRSA

A

Vancomycin

39
Q

Vancomycin is used in combination with a third-generation cephalosporin for treating infection due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRSP).

What type of third-generation drug is this?

A

Ceftriaxone

40
Q

T or F: Dosage modification is not mandatory in patients with renal impairment

A

F, dosage modification is mandatory

41
Q

Red man syndrome is associated with what drug?

A

Vancomycin

42
Q

Rapid intravenous infusion may cause diffuse flushing from histamine release

The diffuse flushing is an effect called “_____” ?

A

Red Man Syndrome

43
Q

T or F: Toxic effects of Vancomycin include

a. phlebitis
b. ototoxicity
c. nephrotoxicity
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

44
Q

What is PRSP?

A

PRSP - Penicillin-resistant pneumococci

45
Q

______ is an antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enolpyruvate transferase.

A

Fosfomycin

46
Q

______ Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid which is essential in peptidoglycan chain formation

A

Fosfomycin

47
Q

Coverage of this drug is gram-positive and gram-negative

A

Fosfomycin

48
Q

T or F: Resistance to fosfomycin occurs via INCREASED intracellular accumulation of the drug

A

F, DECREASED

49
Q

Fosfomycin is excreted via ____?

A

kidney

50
Q

In a single dose of Fosfomycin, the drug is ______ effective than 7-day course of treatment with ______?

a. more; Ceftriaxone
b. less; Cefaclor
c. more; Moxalactam
d. less; Fluoroquinolones

A

d. less; Fluoroquinolones

51
Q

Multiple dosing of Fosfomycin can result to ______ rapidly

A. Resistance
B. Susceptibility

A

A. Resistance

52
Q

What is the clinical use of Fosfomycin?

A

Uncomplicated cystitis (UTI)

53
Q

_____ may be synergistic with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics with specific infection

A

Fosfomycin

54
Q

lipid carrier that transfers peptidoglycan subunits to
the growing cell wall

What drug has this mechanism of action?

A

Bacitracin

55
Q

it is a peptide antibiotic that interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram-positive organisms.

A

Bacitracin

56
Q

Obtained from the Tracy strain of Bacillus subtilis in 1943

A

Bacitracin

57
Q

This drug is marked to have toxicity (nephrotoxicity)

A

Bacitracin

58
Q

This drug is limited to topical use only

A

Bacitracin

59
Q

______ antimetabolite that blocks the incorporation of d-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain of the peptidoglycan.

A

Cycloserine

60
Q

_____ only used to treat tuberculosis caused by organisms resistant to first-line antituberculous drugs.

A

Cycloserine

61
Q

Produced by Streptomyces orchidaceous

A

Cycloserine

62
Q

inhibits incorporation of d-alanine into peptidoglycan
pentapeptide by inhibiting alanine racemase, which converts l-alanine to d-alanine, and d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase

What drug has this mechanism of action?

A

Cycloserine

63
Q

This drug is potentially neurotoxic

A

cycloserine

64
Q

Adverse reactions to this drug include: tremors, headaches, acute psychosis and convulsions

A

cycloserine

65
Q

Fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus

A

daptomycin

66
Q

Coverage of this drug is vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci
and S. aureus (VRE, VRSA)

A

daptomycin

67
Q

it is a novel cyclic lipopeptide drug with spectrum similar to vancomycin

A

daptomycin

68
Q

it is active against vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci and staphylococci

A

daptomycin

69
Q

daptomycin is eliminated via ____?

A

kidney

70
Q

Adverse reactions to this drug include: myopathy, allergic pneumonitis in patients receiving prolonged therapy (>2 weeks)

A

daptomycin

71
Q

______ should be monitored since daptomycin may cause myopathy

a. CBC count
b. Creatine phosphokinase
c. Albumin level
d. Glucose

A

b. Creatine phosphokinase

72
Q

T or F: Daptomycin is also used to treat pneumonia together with cycloserine

A

F, it should not be used to treat pneumonia since Pulmonary surfactant antagonizes daptomycin

73
Q

Daptomycin is active against vancomycin-resistant strains of _______ and _______

A

MT 6314 - 3RD SHIFTING (3 decks)

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