other abnormalities Flashcards
Myocardial infarction ECG changes
t wave peaks followed by t wave inversion st segment elevation appearance of new Q waves
anterior MI
V1 - V6
lateral MI
leads I, AVL, V5 and V6
inferior MI
Leads II, III and AVF
posterior infarction
V1 (ST segment depression and tall R wave)
anterior infarction signs
sinus rhythm V2 - V4 Q waves V4-V6 inverted t waves
anterolateral infarction
sinus rhythm I, II AVL, V3-V5 Q waves V2-V6 have raised ST segments
inferior infarction signs
sinus rhythm III and AVF - Q waves AVL V6 - depressed ST segments
pulmonary embolism signs
I - large S III - Q wave III - inverted T wave
hyperkalaemia
tall tented t wave and wide QRS
hypokalaemia
small t wave and prominent U waves
hypercalcaemia
short QT interval
hypocalcamia
long QT interval, small T waves
einthovens labelling rules for the QRS complex
first positive R any negative before R is Q any negative following R is an S positive following S is known as R1 (r prime)
first degree block
2nd degree block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach)
mobitz II
fixed ratio block - 3:1 block
this is a second degree heart block with fixed ratio of P waves: QRS complexes
3rd degree heart block / complete heart block
alternative ways to measure for left ventricular hypertrophy
sum of r wave in leads v5/v6 + S wave in V1 (sokolow-lyon criteria)
LVH > 35mm
characteristics of RBBB?
V1 and V2 - QRS wide AND rabbit ears in V1 (rsR’)
characteristics of LBBB?
W (v1) and M (v2)
STEMI
ST evelvation - injury
T wave inversion - ischaemia
Q waves - dead tissue
Q waves are deep wide negative waves
how to measure QTc?
Bazetts Formula
QTc = Qt/ square root of Rr
qt interval in seconds
rr interval in seconds
