other

Question 1

complications of DM in kidneys

Answer 1

• microalbuminuria
• dipstick becomes (+) at 300mg / 24h (micro is 30-300)
• micro –> ACEi

Question 2

DM - urine test

Answer 2

more than 10 years old with DM for more than 3 years

–> urine microalbumine analysis annualy

Question 3

Drugs for neuropathetic pain

Answer 3

1. TCA (careful: anticholinergic)
2. anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin) –> BEST
3. opioids
4. caspaicin topical
5. lidocaine topical
   ANTICONVULS OR TCA FOR INITIAL

Question 4

a cause of hyperCa2+ affter accidents

Answer 4

immobilization due to increased ostobl resorption (4 wks after immobilization, 3 days if Renal failure)
treatment: biphosph

Question 5

measue correcteted calcium

Answer 5

calcium + 0.8 (4-seum alb)

Question 6

1ry hyperparath - indications for parathyroidec

Answer 6

1. age less than 50
2. symptomatic hypoCa2+
3. complications: ostoporosis, nephrolith, calcinosis, GFR less than 60
4. elevated risk for complications: Ca more than 1 above normal, urinary excretion of Ca more than 400/day

Question 7

DKA + hyperosm management - insulin

Answer 7

initial IV
switch to SQ if: able to eat, less than 200, normal anion gap, HCO3 more than 15
- overlap SQ + IV for 1-2 h

Question 8

DKA + hyperosm - K+

Answer 8

add if less than 5/2

hold insulin if less than 3.3