Other Flashcards
During the bending/power stroke of contraction
Pi and ADP are released from myosin
During isometric contraction of a muscle
Muscle tension develops at a constant muscle length
Rods detect ___ while cones detect ___
Dark vs light; light wavelengths
Anisocoria means
Unequal pupil size
Ossicles are
Three small bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, staples) that in transit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
In the ear, which structure encounters sound waves first
Tympanum (ear drum) that separates the outer and middle ear
Hair cells are located in the ____ and act as ____
Inner ear; mechanoreceptors for hearing and balance
What inner ear structure sensory organ maintains balance and spatial orientation
Vestibular apparatus
The vestibular apparatus is composed of (3)
-Vestibular nerve
-semicircular canals
-utricle/saccule
The macula utriculi function is to monitor
Position of head and linear acceleration
Function of Christa ampullaris is to monitor
Rate of head movement and changes in direction
A drug like atropine will cause
Dilation of the pupil by blocking the parasympathetic system
5 steps to the pain pathway
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Modulation
- Projection
- Perception
Transduction (2)
-step one in pain pathway
-noxious stimuli are transduced into electrical signals
Perception (2)
-fifth step in pain pathway
-integration, processing, and recognition of sensory input in the brain
Transmission (2)
-second step in pain pathway
-electrical signal is transmitted to spinal cord via afferent (sensory) neurons
Projection (2)
-fourth step in pain pathway
-relay of pain signals to CNS via Spinothalamic Tract
Modulation (2)
-third step in pain pathway
-signal is amplified or inhibited via excretory or inhibitory neurotransmitters in spinal cord
Which tract carries info from receptors for pain, temperature, and itch
Spinothalamic Tract
The post-ganglionic neurotransmitter of the PNS is
Acetylcholine
Enteric nervous system (3)
-one of the main neurotransmitters is serotonin
-capable of responding independently to stimuli within GIT
-regulated by ANS
