Other Flashcards
What is TCAS? (2)
TCAS - Traffic & Collision Avoidance System
- Gives Traffic Information about other ‘cooperating’ aircraft which are displayed as various symbols in various colours
- Will tell you how to get out of the way - as long as the other aircraft is ‘cooperating’
- Uses range & Altitude data from transponders to determine possibility of collision
- Presents bearing information of aircraft intruding into your airspace (uses this information on the display only to assist in visual acquisition of an intruder
- When range and altitude of an intruder are computed and a collision risk is predicted, TCAS II will declare the intruder a “threat” and give manoeuvre advice in visual and aural form
Transponder types working with TCAS (3)
Mode A/C transponders:
- Give both Traffic Advisory and Resolution Advisory
(only if Mode C available but any manoeuvre may not be in the logical sense)
Mode S transponders:
- ‘communicate’ with each other and ‘agree’ a course of action
No transponder:
- No TCAS alert
How does the TCAS system operate? (2)
- A protected volume of airspace surrounds each ACAS II equipped aircraft
- Size of the protected volume depends on the altitude, speed, and heading of the aircraft involved in the encounter
What target symbols are displayed on TCAS? (4)
- Hollow cyan (light blue) or white diamond – for other traffic
- Solid cyan (light blue) or white diamond – for proximate traffic
- Solid yellow or amber circle – for intruders (i.e. aircraft which trigger a TA)
- Solid red square – for threats (i.e. aircraft which trigger an RA)
When does traffic class as Traffic Advisory (TA)? (3)
- Traffic assumes “threat” status
- 45 secs before Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
- “Traffic Traffic”
When does traffic class as Resolution Advisory (RA)? (3)
- Starts the conflict resolution process 30 secs before Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
- “Climb, Climb Now”
What limitations does TCAS have? (5)
- Enhanced RA - <1450ft AGL - “Increase Descent”
- Descend RA <1100ft AGL
- All RAs - <1000ft AGL
- All spoken messages - <500ft AGL
- RAs some terrain avoidance systems or windshear warnings are active
What are the actions required from ATC when a RA is notified? (3)
- Do Not Issue Instructions to the Aircraft
- Cease provision of standard separation from affected traffic
- Should not routinely pass traffic information to aircraft conducting RA manoeuvres, or other aircraft affected by such manoeuvres
What other systems may be available to the GA community? (2)
- TAS
- FLARM
**THEY DO NOT PROVIDE COLISION AVOIDANCE **
What is an Airprox? (1)
A situation in which, in the opinion of the pilot or air traffic services personnel, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved may have been compromised
What is TAWS? (4)
TAWS - Terrain Awareness and Warning System
- Uses position / terrain database and radar altimeter to generate wide range of alerts and warnings to flight crew
- Uses “Soft” or “Hard” alerts
- Can give Terrain warnings visually (See diagram)
What is GPWS? (3)
GPWS - Ground Proximity Warning System
- Helps prevent Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) accidents
- Limited to looking vertically downwards only
- No forward-looking capability
What is MSAW? (2)
MSAW - Minimum Safe Altitude Warning
A ground-based safety net intended to warn the controller about increased risk of controlled flight into terrain accidents by generating, in a timely manner, an alert of aircraft proximity to terrain or obstacles
Where is D&D located? (2)
- Location: Swanwick
- Callsign: London Centre
Frequencies of D&D? (2)
- 121.5 Mhz
- 243.0 Mhz
Who does D&D co-ordinate with? (3)
- Emergency services
- JRCC
- Other ATS units
What is D&D’s UK coverage? (2)
- Both FIR’s
- Callsign = London Centre for both FIR’s
What equipment do D&D use? (5)
- Wing board
- Auto triangulation
- Emergency Alarm group
- Radar access
- Communications
Where is the JRCC & what does it consist of? (4)
- Fareham
- Coastguard
- MCA Fixed wing A/C
- RAF MRT teams
Who are ELT / PLB reports passed to? (1)
MCC - Mission Control Centre (Fareham)
What actions shall be made with forced landings? (3)
- Alert local emergency services + ACC Sup
- Pass exact location
- Alert nearest Aerodromes (If applicable)
Fly-by phraseology (2)
- “Landing gear appears down”
- “Right / Left / Nose wheel appears up”
What shall an Emergency message contain? (6)
- Mayday (x3) / Pan (x6)
- Station addressed + A/C ID
- Nature of problem
- Intention of person in command, level, heading
- Qualification of pilot
- Any other info’
What actions are required when a pilot reports a laser strike? (6)
- Time
- Altitude & Position
- Colour of laser
- Avoiding action
- Impact on vision / concentration
- Warn other A/C
What actions are required when ATC encoutners a laser strike? (8)
- Look away
- Blinds
- Advise A/C
- Avoid rubbing eyes
- Lights
- Handover
- Inform supervisor
- Report (Watchlog etc)
Ways to recognise an emergency situation (6)
- Radio contact not established at time expected
- Radio contact is lost
- Pilot report on A/C malfunctioning or unusual POB behaviour
- Erratic behaviour of A/C observed
- Overdue at an AD
- Pilot reports short of fuel
Who handles AIRPROX reports?
UKAB - UK AIRPROX Board
How shall an AIRPROX be reported?
- Via an MOR
- Sent to UKAB
- MOR clearly stating “AIRPROX”
How can an AIRPROX be reported? (3)
- RTF
- Telephone to ATC / UKAB
- MOR report
What actions shall be taken with a report of dangerous goods? (5)
- Report ASAP to ATC & RFFS
- Full details of the goods
- Quantity of goods
- Class of the D.G
- If A/C crashed - pass details immediately to emergency services & RFFS
What is the squawk for SAR?
0023 - “Aircraft engaged in actual SAR operations”
