OTHER Flashcards
BRWhen providing anticipatory guidance, what is the most important thing that you should always address first?
First priority is to attend to the concerns of the parents
What are important AG topics to discuss in the prenatal stage?
Social determinants of health – ex. Food security, intimate partner violence, drug/alcohol use, social support networks
Maternal health – diet, exercise, prenatal care, PPD
Newborn care – ex. Discuss pros/cons of circumcision, frequent hand washing, limiting baby’s exposure to others
Nutrition/breastfeeding
AG on safety in the prenatal/newborn stage
Car seats, heatstroke prevention, safe sleep, pets, firearm safety, safe home environment
AG during newborn phase
Social determinants of health – ex. Food security, intimate partner violence, drug/alcohol use, social support networks
Parent/family health – Birthing person should continue taking prenatal and iron, sibling relationships
Newborn care: create nurturing routines, importance of physical contact, change diaper frequently to avoid rash, cord care (air dry by keeping diaper below navel, get help if signs of infection, PURPLE
Breastfeeding (8-12 feedings/24 hours). Formula (feed at least 8 times/24 hours, mix and store safely)
AG for first week
Avoidance of second hand smoke exposure
Ask for/accept help, sleep when baby sleeps
Soothing practices , importance of singing/reading/talking to baby
Temperature should be done rectally
Avoid sun exposure, use infant sunscreen
When to bring baby in for care, emergency readiness (CPR)
Weight gain goals
AG 1 month
Postpartum checkup, screening for PPD, teaching about normalcy of anxiety/depression and self care
Consider offering pacifier at this stage
Avoid TV with baby
Expect 5-6 wet diapers daily and 3-4 stools daily
No extra fluids above breastmilk/formula
400 IU vit D daily
Safety: keep hand on baby when changing diapers/clothes, keep strings/loops/cords away from baby
AG 2 months
Talk about importance of interactions with baby
Baby cues for sleep, development of a nap/nighttime sleep schedule
Tummy time
Avoid TV
Don’t drink hot liquids when holding baby, lower home hot water temp
Do not leave alone in tub or on high places
AG 4 months
Infant behavior – calming strategies, daily routine, quiet (reading/singing) and active (tummy time) play, provide safe opportunities to explore
Teething a drooling, good oral hygiene - no bottle in bed, clean teeth/gums twice/day with cloth or soft toothbrush + grain of rice sized fluoridated toothpaste
Delay solid foods until 6 months old – exclusive breast feeding is ideal or iron-fortified formula
Keep small objects and plastic bags away from baby
AG 6 months
Infant behavior: parents as teachers, communication and early literacy, emerging infant independence, putting self to sleep, self-calming
Continue routines, keep avoiding TV, continue oral hygiene
Avoid food/juices that baby sucks out of bags/pouches (not sure why)
When starting foods, introduce single-ingredient foods one at a time, provide iron-rich foods, respond to hunger and fullness cues. Limit juice to 2-4 oz/day
Safety: discuss choking, ensure car seat still fits, keep household products locked and out of sight, keep in highchair/playpen when in kitchen
AG 9 months
Behavior: changing sleep patterns, mobility, cognitive development, interactive learning and communication. Provide opportunities for safe exploration, be realistic about abilities. New social skills, separation anxiety, avoid screens
Discipline: use consistent positive discipline, limit use of word no, use distraction, be a role model
Nutrition: self-feeding, transition to solid foods, cup drinking, plans for weaning, ensure variety of food textures. 3 meals and 2-3 snacks/day. Continue breastfeeding if mutually desired
Safety: continue rear facing carseat until at least 2, home safety (stair gates, barriers around space heaters, cleaning products, electric cords), do not leave heavy objects or hot things on tablecloths, Poison help number
AG 12 months
Establish routines: positive discipline, time outs and distraction. Praise good behaviors. Family time everyday, continue 1 nap/day, bedtime routine with quiet time/reading/singing/favorite toy, teeth-brushing routine. Avoid TV
Feeding: encourage self-feeding, healthy food and snacks
First dental checkup at 12 months or after first tooth erupts, if using bottle offer only water
Safety: car seats, falls, drowning prevention/water safety, sun protection, pets, safe home environment/poisoning
AG 15 months
Social development: Individuation, separation. When possible provide 2 choices for the child to choose between, reassure with separation/stranger anxiety. Use simple clear words/phrases to promote language development
Sleep: regular routines, if night waking then reassure briefly and give comfort object for self-soothing, no bottle in bed.
Temperament/discipline: modify environment to avoid conflict, use distractions, accept messiness, allow choice, praise good behavior, use discipline for teaching/protecting, not punishing. Teach not to hit/bite
AG 18 months
Development: Start looking for readiness to toilet train, read books about the potty. Expect anxiety/clinging in new situations, spend time with child each day.
Communication: encourage language development by reading/singing, describe and teach about feelings
Encourage reading, physical activity and safe play over TV. OK to introduce TV at this age if desired – limit to 1 hour/day
Nutrition: offer healthy foods and let child decide how much to eat, provide 16-24 oz milk. Continue to offer new foods
AG 2 years
Behavior: praise good behavior, help to express feelings, encourage free play, limit tv to 1 hour or less daily.
Language: model appropriate language, should follow 1-2 step commands, read books together daily
Toilet training: ready when dry for 2 hours at a time, knows wet/dry, can pull pants up/down and can indicate BM. Plan for toileting up to 10 times/day
Safety: all the previous stuff, plus bike helmets and supervision around cars/in streets
AG 3 years
Play: encourage interactive games with peers, teach about taking turns, expect fantasy play. Encourage literacy
Nutrition: always have water available, 16-24 oz milk daily, limit juice to 0-4 oz daily, offer variety of healthy snacks. Encourage physical activity
