other Flashcards
HOW MANY GOC STANDARDS OF PRACTICE ARE THERE?
19
GIVE EXAMPLES OF GOC STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
obtain valid consent
show care + compassion for your pxs
keep knowledge + skills up to date
maintain adequate px records
be honest + trustworthy
ensure safe environment for your pxs
CATARACT SURGERY RISKS
1 in 50 - some complication (VA poorer than expected)
1 in 100 - more serious complication (e.g., CMO)
1 in 1000 - very serious complication (blindness in 1 eye)
1 in 10,000 - devastating complication (loss of 1 eye)
normal VF extent
superior - 60
inferior - 70
temporal - 100
nasal - 60
where is blind spot from centre?
15 degrees temporally
static VF advantages
less sensitive to operator variability
allows for rapid field screening
data can be used for numerical analysis
static VF disadvantages
less flexible
supra-threshold relies on good threshold
full threshold can be time-consuming and difficult for px
kinetic VF advantages
more control over exam - can check any area at any speed
allows examiner to adjust test to suit px
kinetic VF disadvantages
time consuming, poor for screening
flexibility makes it difficult to replicate results
less sensitive and relies on px too much
where is lesion likely to be if VF defect congruous?
more posterior i.e., post chiasmal
lesion
what can cause an enlarged blind spot?
optic neuritis
optic disc drusen
papilloedema
glaucoma
what causes a bitemporal hemianopia?
lesion at the optic chiasm / pituitary gland tumour
optic tract lesion will cause what VF defect?
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
VF defect of lesion at temporal lobe
“pie in sky”
homonymous superior quadrantopia
VF defect of lesion at parietal lobe
“pie on the floor”
homonymous inferior quadrantopia
what respects horizontal and vertical midline?
retinal lesions (e.g., BRVO) respects horizontal midline due to distribution of RNFL
neurological defects respect the vertical midline due to arrangement of the nasal/ temporal fibres in pathway
GLAUCOMA VF DEFECTS
nasal step
temporal wedge
paracentral
arcuate scotoma
tunnel vision
enlarged blind spot
SHEARDS CRITERION
if more than half our fusional reserves need to be used to control the phoria then visual system will be under stress and phoria decompensated
explaining possible BV anomaly to parent
long sightedness = eye too short = light focuses behind retina
eyes have to focus more and work harder to see clearly
sooner child is treated = more likely to have good vision
sensory sequelae of manifest strabismus
strabismus develops - diplopia and confusion (rapidly ignored in young children)
ignorance = suppression; some children adapt and develop ARC which leads to abnormal BSV
ARC
abnormal retinal correspondence = when the fovea of one eye has a common visual direction with an extrafoveal area in the other eye
mean deviation vs pattern standard
mean deviation = mean difference between normal expected hill of vision vs patients
PSD = considers generalised loss
