Other

Question 1

What does the oral contraceptive pill comprise of

Answer 1

Varying proportions of synthetic oestrogens and progestogens

Question 2

What are some risks associated with the oral contraceptive pill

Answer 2

1, Increased risk of thromboembolic disease (DVT)
2. Hypertension
3. Diabetics tendency

Question 3

What can the oral contraceptive pill be given as

Answer 3

1. Combined oral contraceptive (oestrogen and progesterone)
2. Progesterone-only contraceptive
3. Oestrogen only (‘morning after’ pill).

Question 4

What effect can oestrogen have on dental management

Answer 4

Increases plaque induced inflammation and gingival crevicular fluid crevicular
Can cause gingival pigmentation
Increases incidence of dry socket

Question 5

Give examples of drugs that can reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives

Answer 5

1. Carbamazepine
2. Phenytoin

Question 6

What is phaeochromocytoma

Answer 6

a rare cause of hypertension

Question 7

What is phaeochromocytoma caused by

Answer 7

Usually benign tumour of the adrenal medulla producing excess adrenaline

Question 8

Give some of the symptoms of phaeochromocytoma

Answer 8

1. episodic and consist of headaches
2. palpitations and sweating
3. pallor
4. hypertension.

Question 9

What considerations should we make is a patient has phaeochromocytoma

Answer 9

Local anaesthetic injections with adrenaline should be avoided

Question 10

What is the tx for phaeochromocytoma

Answer 10

surgical, and both α- and β-blockers are used to prevent hypertensive crises during such surgery.

Question 11

What points should we remember to check in the thirsty of a dental patient with an endocrine disorder

Answer 11

1. Diabetes mellitus hisotry
2. Thyroid disorders: Is the patient hyperthyroid or hypothyroid?
   3, Does the patient take oral contraceptive?
3. Is the patient pregnant? If so, at what stage of pregnancy?
4. History of:
   -Cushing’s disease/syndrome
   -Addison’s disease
   - Hyper- or hypoparathyroidism
   - Crohn’s syndrome
   -Phaeochromocytoma
   -Diabetes insipidus
   -Acromegaly