OTD 735 Midterm

Question 1

When was “the need for patient information” from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare published

Answer 1

1971

Question 2

what was the emphasis in the 60s and 70s on education?

Answer 2

patient education rather than general public education

Question 3

who recognized the need for institutions and healthcare workers to contribute to individual patient education and public health education ?

Answer 3

American Hospital Association (AHA)

Question 4

interprofessional practice

Answer 4

Collaboration and interdependent matter to deliver appropriate, cost-effective, efficient care

Associated with improved healthcare outcomes and increased patient satisfaction

Question 5

What are the obstacles to learning

Answer 5

Lack of time,
stress of illness,
readiness to learn issues,
complexity, fragmentation, and inconvenience of healthcare system,
denial of learning needs,
lack of support from health professionals or significant others,
extent of needed behavior changes,
negative influence of environment, and literacy problems

Question 6

Patient centered care PCC

Answer 6

healthcare that supports the development of patient competency and is respectful to the needs and values of the patient

Associated with better health outcomes, more positive patient experiences, increased QOL, and adherence to management protocols

Question 7

What are the benefits of effective teaching

Answer 7

-increase consumer satisfaction &continuity of care
-improve quality of life & maximize independence
-decrease client anxiety
-reduce complications of illness
-empowers consumers to become actively involved in care

Question 8

What is learning theory

Answer 8

“Coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn”

Question 9

What are the primary learning theories

Answer 9

Behaviorist
cognitive
social
psychodynamic
humanistic

Question 10

What is Behaviorist Learning Theory-Classical Conditioning

Answer 10

a type of learning in which a stimulus gains the ability to bring out a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus (Pavlovs Dogs)

Question 11

What is a positive reinforcement

Answer 11

adding something to increase the likelihood that the behavior will happen again

Question 12

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 12

taking something away to increase the likelihood that the behavior will happen again

Question 13

What are the ABCs of behavior

Answer 13

A= antecedent
B= behavior
C= consequence

Question 14

What is zone of proximal development

Answer 14

The area in which all learning takes place; the lower level represents learning that can be done almost independently and the upper level represents learning that requires assistance to master

Question 15

What are the four stages of competence

Answer 15

unconscious incompetence
conscious incompetence
conscious competence
unconscious competence

Question 16

What is the motor learning theory

Answer 16

emphasis on feedback so proper techniques are formed

Question 17

What are the 3 stages of motor learning theory

Answer 17

Cognitive: overall understanding, minimize distractions, provide guidance, allow for some errors in performance

Associative: increase complexity of task, practice independently, decrease guidance and feedback

Autonomous: speed and proficiency gradually improves, simultaneous tasks, transfer skills into different situations/contexts

Question 18

The PEEK assessment

Answer 18

Physical – ability, health status

Emotional- anxiety level, motivation, developmental stage

Experiential- past coping, motivation

Knowledge- information base, cognitive ability

Question 19

Transtheoretical Model of Change

Answer 19

The stages of change

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination

Question 20

Literate

Answer 20

ability to use printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential

Question 21

illiterate

Answer 21

unable to read or write at all or at the 4th grade level or below

Question 22

low literacy

Answer 22

read, write, & comprehend information between the 5th and 8th grade levels

Question 23

functional illiteracy

Answer 23

adults lack the fundamental reading, writing, & comprehension skills needed to perform the tasks of everyday life

Question 24

health literacy

Answer 24

degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions

Question 25

readability

Answer 25

ease with which written or printed information can be read

Question 26

comprehension

Answer 26

degree to which individuals understand what they have read

Question 27

The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) study:

Answer 27

“literacy skills are a stronger predictor of an individuals health status than age, income, employment status, education level, and racial or ethnic group”

Question 28

What factors are impacting US literacy

Answer 28

rise in number of immigrants with ESL
aging population
increase complexity of info
complexity/ sophistication of tech
impact of increasing poverty (education, families, etc)

Question 29

Who are the persons at risk of illiteracy

Answer 29

economically disadvantaged
older adults
immigrants
racial minorities
high school dropouts
unemployed
prisoners
inner-city and rural residents
chronically mentally and physically ill

Question 30

What is best practice for simplifying patient education materials?

Answer 30

Conversational style with active voice and emphasize “you”
Decide what the client should do or know (KISS)
Select other media like pictures or videos
Organize in chunks in a logical sequence
Stick to 1-2 syllable words
Clearly define any technical or unfamiliar words
Use advance organizers (headings, subheadings)
Limit the use of connectives (however, even)
Make the first sentence the topic sentence
Use consistent words and avoid interchanging words
Use a simple type style with serif and font 14-16

Question 31

What are the Blooms taxonomy verbs for each level

Answer 31

top

create
evaluate
analyze
apply
understand
remember

bottom

Question 32

What are the three learning domains

Answer 32

cognitive: learning (knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation)

affective: feeling/mental (receiving, responding, valuing, organization, characterization)

psychomotor: using it all together (perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, origination)

Question 33

What are the eight basic elements of a teaching plan

Answer 33

purpose
statement of the overall goal
list of objectives
an outline of content to be covered
teaching methods used for instruction
time allotted for the teaching of each objective
instrumental resources
methods to evaluate learning

Question 34

nine teaching methods

Answer 34

lecture
group discussion
one to one instruction
demonstration and return demonstration
gaming
simulation
role play
role model
self instruction

Question 35

what are the considerations for lecture/presentation delivery

Answer 35

speaking skills, attitude, posture, movement, gestures

Question 36

What are the pros and cons of one on one intruction

Answer 36

PROs: individual pace, promotes learning in all three domains, provides immediate feedback

CONs: learner is isolated, not able to share learning with peers, may feel overwhelmed/anxious

Question 37

Advantages and disadvantages of gamification

Answer 37

Advantages: purposeful, retention, variation

Limitations: competition, requires flexibility, preparation

Question 38

how to maximize teaching effectiveness

Answer 38

Present enthusiastically
include humor
exhibit risk-taking behavior
deliver material dramatically
choose problem-solving activities

Question 39

What is the EDUCATE model for verbal education

Answer 39

Enhance comprehension and retention
deliver patient-centered education
understand the learner
communicate clearly and effectively
address health literacy and cultural humility
teaching and education goals

Question 40

Evaluation of instructional materials (PEM)

Answer 40

audience
literacy level required
linguistic variety available
clarity and brevity
layout and appearance
opportunity for repetition
concreteness and familiarity