Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 452: Self-Care > OTC drugs > Flashcards

OTC drugs Flashcards

1
Q

α-galactosidase

A

Route: Oral

Category: Miscellaneous GI gas product

Uses: GI gas (due to producing food)

Key Points:

Take with first bite of food

Caution in diabetics

Avoid patients with galactosemia

Possible allergic reaction for patients with allergy to mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Brand name: Tylenol

Route: Oral

Category: Analgesic Antipyretic

Uses: Cold and flu, Dysmenorrhea, Headache, Fever, Pain

Key Points:

FDA max of 4,000 mg per day (some manufactures 3,000 mg per day max)

Avoid in patients consuming 3 or more alcoholic beverages per day or with liver damage

May cause very serious skin rashes (rare)

Pregnancy: Human data suggests low risk

Breastfeeding: Compatible

Pediatric dosing 10 to 15 mg/kg/dose Q4H to Q6H PRN

*Do not exceed 5 doses in 24 hours (maximum daily dose 75mg/kg/day not to exceed 4 grams daily)

*If age less than 2 or weight less than 24 pounds, consult pediatrician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Route: Oral

Category: Miscellaneous GI gas product

Uses: GI gas

Key Points:

Questionable efficacy, may be better for reducing smell

May be alternative to simethicone

No dosing in children age less than 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adapalene

A

Route: Topcial

Category: Acne

Product Uses: Acne

Key Points:

Acne may worsen in 1st week May take 12 to 18 weeks for full effect Increases sun sensitivity, use sunscreen

Redness, scaling, and burning diminish after 1st month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aluminum acetate

A

Route: Topical

Category: Astringent

Uses: Contact dermatitis (weeping)

Key Points:

Dries and constricts tissue

Has antimicrobial effects May be combined with antifungal for treatment of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Route: Oral

Category: Antacid

Uses: Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn

Key Points:

Starts to work within 15 to 30 minutes (liquid faster than tablets)

Diarrhea

Avoid in acute kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antazoline

A

Route: ophthalmic

Category: Antihistamine (1st gen)

Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis

Key Points:

Limit OTC use to 3 days

Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma

May be combined with ophthalmic decongestant for improved efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aspirin

A

Route: Oral

Category: Analgesic, Antipyretic Salicylate

Uses: Cold and flu, Dysmenorrhea, Headache, Fever, Pain

Key Points:

Avoid in children and teenagers due to risk of Reyes Syndrome

Take with food Risk of ulcer (increased in patients consuming 3 or more alcoholic beverages daily)

May cause upper GI discomfort

Do not use if patient has history of GI bleed

Avoid enteric coated version in patients wanting immediate relief

Watch dose: 81 mg is for heart protection only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bacitracin, polymyxin B

A

Route: Topical

Category: Antiseptic

Uses: Atopic dermatitis Infection prevention

Key Points:

Preferred over neomycin since some patients are sensitive to neomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benzocaine

A

Route: Topical

Category: Anesthetic

Uses: Canker sores Pain and itching due to vulvovaginal candidiasis

Key Points:

For canker sores, apply a small amount up to four times daily

FDA recommends AGAINST use for teething pain and in children under age 2 Rare but serious condition (methemoglobinemia)

Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis should be focused on curing the infection with vaginal antifungal rather than masking symptoms with benzocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

Route: Topical

Category: Acne product

Uses: Acne

Key Points:

Avoid in very sensitive skin Increases sun sensitivity, use sunscreen

Start low (2.5%) to minimize side effects; increase if desired results not achieved and patient tolerates treatment

Full benefit may take 4 to 6 weeks

Several potential drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Route: Oral

Category: Laxative (stimulant)

Uses: Constipation

Key Points:

May cause abdominal cramping due to mechanism of peristalsis stimulation

Often produces bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bismuth

A

Route: Oral

Category: Salicylate

Uses: Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Nausea

Key Points:

Avoid in children and in patients with renal failure

May cause stool and tongue to turn black

Risk of salicylate toxicity, neurotoxicity with extended use

Not recommended in children under 12

Drug interaction with warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Budesonide

A

Route: Intranasal

Category: Corticosteroid

Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis

Key Points:

May start at full dose and titrate down

Works best after at least 1 week of continued therapy

Budesonide, fluticasone, and triamcinolone may be used in children** but approved age varies by product

**Although OTC products for allergies exist for pediatric patients, patients under age 12 should first be evaluated by PCP (chance of having asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Caffeine

A

Route: Oral

Category: Diuretic

Uses: Water retention (due to menses)

Key Points:

Most women do not experience any true sodium or water retention and do not experience weight gain

Swelling and bloating are caused by a fluid shift

May cause nervousness, tachycardia, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Camphor

A

Route: Oral

Category: Antitussive, Counterirritant

Uses: Cough

Key Points:

Vapors stimulate sensory nerve endings causing local anesthetic sensation

Little clinical evidence

Toxic if swallowed (4 tsp of 5% camphor)

For topical formulations, use on intact skin only, wash hands after applying, and do not apply heat

Do not use in patients age less than 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Capsaicin

A

Route: Topical

Category: Counterirritant

Uses: Musculoskeletal pain

Key Points:

Decreases nerve impulses by depleting substance P

Use on intact skin only, wash hands after applying, and do not apply heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carbamide peroxide

A

Route: Otic

Category: Effervescent debriding agent

Uses: Excessive cerumen (ear wax)

Key Points:

Place 5 to 10 drops in ear canal, allow it to remain for several minutes

Cerumen remaining after treatment may be removed with gentle, warm water irrigation, administered with otic bulb syringe

May be repeated daily for up to 4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cetirizine

A

Route: Oral

Category: Antihistamine

Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis Congestion (due to cold or flu)

Key Points:

Less sedation and less anticholinergic than 1st generation antihistamine

Cetirizine still causes some drowsiness (~10% of patients)

Should not be used OTC in pregnant or lactating patients

Brand Name: Zyrtec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

Route: Oral

Category: Antihistamine (first generation)

Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis, Allergic dermatitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu) Contact dermatitis

Key Points:

Highly lipophilic molecule that readily crosses the blood‐brain barrier (causing sedation)

Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, tachycardia, dry eyes, dry mouth, dry nose, dry vagina

Do not use in pregnancy, lactation, premature infants, glaucoma, geriatric patients, patients with enlarged prostate, and patients on MAOI’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cimetidine

A

Route: Oral

Category: H2 Histamine receptor antagonist (H2RA)

Uses: Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn

Key Points:

Onset within 1 hour and lasts 6 to 12 hours May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea May take PRN prior to known food triggers

Only for use in age 12 or older

Limit continual use to 14 days OTC Many drug interactions and may cause gynecomastia and impotence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Codeine

A

Route: Oral

Category: Cough (non-productive)

Uses: Works centrally on the medulla to increase the cough threshold

Key Points:

Schedule V controlled substance

Available behind the counter without a prescription in some states

Avoid with benzos, opiates, alcohol, and sedating products

Usually in combination products: review active ingredients

Risk for abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cromolyn

A

Route: Oral

Category: Mast cell stabilizer

Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis

Key Points:

Mast cell stabilizer

Approved for age 2 and older as well as pregnant patients

Works best if started 3 to 7 days prior to allergen exposure

Works best after 2 to 4 weeks of continued therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cyclizine

A

Route: Oral

Category: Antihistamine (first generation)

Uses: Motion sickness, Nausea

Key Points:

May cause drowsiness (or paradoxical stimulation)

Avoid other sedating agents (meds, alcohol, etc)

Products are approved for children, but approved age varies by product

Do not use OTC for pregnant patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dextromethorphan
Route: Oral Category: Antitussive Uses: Cough (non-productive) Key Points: Safety and efficacy not established in children Should not be taken within 14 days of a MAOI Risk for abuse (phencyclidine‐like euphoric effect) Overdose: confusion, excitation, nervousness, restlessness, drowsiness, and severe nausea and vomiting Respiratory depression possible with high doses
26
Dimenhydrinate
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (first generation) Uses: Motion sickness, Nausea Key Points: May cause drowsiness (or paradoxical stimulation) Avoid other sedating agents (meds, alcohol, etc) Products are approved for children, but approved age varies by product Do not use OTC for pregnant patients
27
Diphenhydramine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (first generation) Antitussive Sedative Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu), Cough (due to post nasal drip), Insomnia Key Points: Brand Name: Benadryl Highly lipophilic molecule that readily crosses the blood‐brain barrier (causing sedation) Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, tachycardia, dry eyes, dry mouth, dry nose, dry vagina Do not use in pregnancy, lactation, premature infants, glaucoma, geriatric patients, patients with enlarged prostate, and patients on MAOI’s For cough, works centrally on the medulla to increase cough threshold
28
Docosanol
Route: Topical perioral Category: Antiviral Uses: Cold sores Key Points: Apply at the first sign of an outbreak, 5 times a day until lesion is healed, max 10 days Reduces healing time by 1 day over placebo Systemic treatment (prescription acyclovir) is superior to OTC docosanol Apriva
29
Docusate
Route: Oral Category: Emollient (stool softener) Uses: Constipation Key Points: Lubricates and softens the stool Available as docusate sodium or docusate calcium (no clinical difference) Do not use under 6 years old Used with stimulant for long term opiate use (pushy with the mushy for OIC) Slow acting (may take several days for effect)
30
Doxylamine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (first generation), Sedative Uses: Insomnia Key Points: Highly lipophilic molecule that readily crosses the blood‐brain barrier (causing sedation) Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, tachycardia, dry eyes, dry mouth, dry nose, dry vagina Do not use in pregnancy, lactation, premature infants, glaucoma, geriatric patients, patients with enlarged prostate, and patients on MAOI’s
31
Esomeprazole
Route: Oral Category: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Uses: GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Take 30 minutes before morning meal Limit duration of OTC treatment to 14 days Long term use, especially in higher doses, may increase risk for GI infections and may increase risk for lower bone density
32
Famotidine
Route: Oral Category: H2 Histamine receptor antagonist (H2RA) Uses: Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Onset within 1 hour and lasts 6 to 12 hours May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea May take PRN prior to known food triggers Only for use in age 12 or older Limit continual use to 14 days OTC
33
Fexofenadine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (second generation) Uses: Allergic conjunctiviti,s Allergic rhinitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu) Key Points: Less sedation and less anticholinergic than 1st generation antihistamines Should not be used OTC in pregnant or lactating patients Brand name: Allegra
34
Fluticasone
Route: Intranasal Category: Corticosteroid Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis Key Points: May start at full dose and titrate down Works best after at least 1 week of continued therapy Budesonide, fluticasone, and triamcinolone may be used in children\*\* but approved age varies by product \*\*Although OTC products for allergies exist for pediatric patients, patients under age 12 should first be evaluated by PCP
35
Glycolic acid
Route: Topical Category: Acne product Uses: Acne Key Points: Less effective than benzoyl peroxide There are several contraindications to glycolic acid peels including open wounds (cold sores, acne cysts, etc) and history of dermatologic conditions (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, etc)
36
Glycerin
Route: rectal suppository Category: Laxative (hyperosmotic) Uses: Constipation Key Points: In addition to hyperosmotic effect, also works through direct rectal irritation Available for all age groups Often produces bowel movement in 15 to 30 minutes
37
Glycerin, Xylitol, Sorbitol
Route: Oral Rinse Category: Artificial saliva Use as needed Uses: Xerostomia (dry mouth) Key Points: Use as needed Often needed at least after meals and at bedtime Brand name: Biotene
38
Guaifenesin
Route: Oral Category: Expectorant (protussive) Uses: Cough (productive) Key Points: Loosens and thins lower respiratory secretions making cough more productive FDA approved for symptomatic relief of acute, ineffective, productive cough; but, use is NOT endorsed by American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP)‐2006 Guidelines NOT indicated for chronic cough associated with COPD, emphysema, smoking
39
Hydrocortisone
Route: Topical Category: Corticosteroid Uses: Allergic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, Dry skin, Scaly dermatoses, Hemorrhoids Key Points: Vasoconstrictor and antipruritic Avoid on cracked or open skin Do not apply to face Avoid use on large areas May cause skin discoloration
40
Ibuprofen
Route: Oral Category: Analgesic, Antipyretic, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Uses: Cold and flu, Dysmenorrhea, Headache, Fever, Pain Key Points: Brand Names: Motrin, Advil Take with food Risk of ulcer (increased in patients consuming 3 or more alcoholic beverages daily) May cause GI discomfort Do not use if pt has history of GI bleed Adult max OTC dose = 400mg per dose Pediatric dosing = 5 to 10 mg/kg/dose Q8H PRN If age less than 2 years or weight less than 24 pounds, consult pediatrician Not recommend for: Pts \> 75 years; pts with HTN or on BP medication
41
Isopropyl alcohol in anhydrous glycerin
Route: Otic Category: Drying agent Uses: Water clogged ear Key Points: Combination of alcohol and glycerin reduces moisture in the ear without over drying
42
Ketotifen
Route: Ophthalmic Category: Antihistamine, Mast cell stabilizer Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis Key Points: OTC use to 3 days Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma Action is improved because it also has mast cell stabilizer functions
43
Lactase enzyme
Route: Oral Category: Lactase replacement Uses: GI gas (due to lactose intolerance) Key Points: Indicated for use by patients with lactose intolerance when they are consuming dairy products Symptoms of lactose intolerance include pain, diarrhea, or flatulence after consuming dairy Take with dairy containing foods to prevent gas formation
44
Lansoprazole
Route: Oral Category: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Uses: GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Take 30 minutes before morning meal Limit duration of OTC treatment to 14 days Long term use, especially in higher doses, may increase risk for GI infections and may increase risk for lower bone density
45
Levocetirizine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (second generation) Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu) Key Points: Less sedation and less anticholinergic than 1st generation antihistamines Should not be used OTC in pregnant or lactating patients
46
Levonorgestrel
Route: Oral Category: Emergency contraception Uses: Emergency contraception Key Points: OTC available for all ages Take within 72 hours of intercourse (may recommend up to 120 hours ) 1 tablet method (1.5 mg) preferred for compliance and simplicity 2 tablet method (0.75 mg per tab) may be taken 2 tabs at once or spaced apart by 12 hours If patient vomits within 1 to 2 hours of taking the dose, she should repeat the dose (nausea common side effect) Will not affect an implanted embryo or increase the risk of malformations
47
Lidocaine
Route: Topical Category: Anesthetic Uses: Musculoskeletal pain, Sunburn Key Points: American Academy of Dermatology recommends against use of lidocaine for sunburn Apply to less than 1% of body surface area (size of a hand) Rare but serious condition (methemoglobinemia)
48
Loperamide
Route: Oral Category: Synthetic opioid agonist Uses: Diarrhea Key Points: Instructions: 2 caplets at onset followed by 1 caplet after each loose bowel movement (max 8 caplets daily) Do not use when abdominal distention is present Occasional dizziness and constipation may occur Not approved in children under 6 due to risk of toxic megacolon Do not use OTC for more the 2 days
49
Loratadine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (second generation) Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu) Key Points: Less sedation and less anticholinergic than 1st generation antihistamines Should not be used OTC in pregnant or lactating patients Brand name: Claritin
50
Magnesium citrate
Route: Oral Category: Laxative (saline) Uses: Constipation Key Points: Causes rapid bowel evacuation Do not use rectal products in children under age 2 Do not use oral products in children under age 5 Caution in renal disease Contraindicated in patients with ostomy or congestive heart failure
51
Magnesium hydroxide
Route: Oral Category: Antacid, Saline laxative Uses: Constipation, Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Starts to work within 15 to 30 minutes (liquid faster than tablets) Diarrhea Caution in renal disease
52
Meclizine
Route: Oral Category: Antihistamine (first generation) Uses: Motion sickness, Nausea Key Points: May cause drowsiness (or paradoxical stimulation) Avoid other sedating agents (meds, alcohol, etc) Products are approved for children, but approved age varies by product Do not use OTC for pregnant patients
53
Menthol
Route: Topical Category: Antitussive, Counterirritant Uses: Cough, Musculoskeletal pain Key Points: Vapors stimulate sensory nerve endings causing local anesthetic sensation Little clinical evidence Menthol may decrease effects of warfarin For topical formulations, use on intact skin only, wash hands after applying, and do not apply heat Do not use in patients age less than 2
54
Methenamine & sodium salicylate
Route: Oral Category: Antimicrobial and analgesic Uses: Urinary tract infection Key Points: Decreases pain associated with urination Patients with UTI may not be treated OTC Urinary analgesics may be started OTC for no more than 2 days, while patient is concurrently seeking primary care Methenamine is an antimicrobial, but does not have sufficient evidence for use in UTI
55
Mineral oil
Route: Oral or enema Category: Laxative (lubricant) Uses: Constipation Key Points: Do not use under 6 years old Avoid oral formulation in elderly and pediatric patients due to risk for aspiration pneumonia Oral formulation may inhibit nutrient absorption resulting in vitamin deficiency
56
Moisturizers
Route: Topical Category: Moisturizer Uses: Dry Skin Key Points: Ingredients include: urea, lactic acid, and alpha- hydroxy acids Helps skin retain moisture Apply frequently and within 1-3 minutes of bathing
57
Minoxidil
Route: Topical Category: Vasodilator Uses: Androgenetic alopecia Key Points: 2% strength for women 5% strength for men Does not cure alopecia, needs to be used indefinitely May take several months to show improvement If no improvement after 4 to 6 months, stop using AVOID: Pregnant women should not handle
58
Naphazoline
Route: Ophthalmic Category: Decongestant Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis Key Points: Limit OTC use to 72 hours Extended use may cause rebound congestion and may cause drying of eyes resulting in ocular irritation
59
Naproxen
Route: Oral Category: Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antitussive, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Uses: Cold and flu Cough (due to post nasal drip), Dysmenorrhea, Fever, Headache, Pain Key Points: Brand Name: Aleve Take with food Risk of ulcer (increased in patients consuming 3 or more alcoholic beverages daily) May cause GI discomfort Do not use if patient has history of GI bleed Not recommend for: Pts \> 75 years; pts with HTN or on BP medication
60
Nicotine (gum)
Route: Gum Category: Nicotine Replacement Therapy Uses: Smoking cessation Key Points: Dosed based off time in the morning until first cigarette If first cigarette less than 30 minutes after waking, start with 4 mg. If first cigarette greater than 30 minutes after waking, start with 2mg Chew piece of gum very slowly several times, stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling; park gum between cheek and gum; resume chewing when taste or tingle fades, repeat process until taste or tingle does not return Do NOT eat or drink for 15 minutes before or while using nicotine gum May be combined with nicotine patch Call 1-(800)-QUIT-NOW for referal, ASK, ADVISE, REFER
61
Nicotine (lozenge)
Route: Lozenge Category: Nicotine replacement therapy Uses: Smoking cessation Key Points: Dosed based off time in the morning until first cigarette If first cigarette less than 30 minutes after waking, start with 4 mg. If first cigarette greater than 30 minutes after waking, start with 2mg Place in mouth and allow to dissolve slowly; Do not chew or swallow lozenge; rotate to different areas of the mouth Do NOT eat or drink for 15 minutes before or while using nicotine lozenge May be combined with nicotine patch 1 Pack of cigs = 20 cigs
62
Nicotine (patch)
Route: Patch Category: Nicotine replacement therapy Uses: Smoking cessation Key Points: Dosed based off number of cigarettes smoked per day If patient smokes 10 or more cigarettes per day, start with step 1 (21mg patch). If patient smokes less than 10 cigarettes per day, start with step 2 (14 mg) Apply to a clean, dry, hairless area of skin on the upper body or upper outer part of arm Apply to different area each day and do not use same area again for at least 1 week Remove patch after 24 hours, wash hands after applying, do not cut patch May remove at night if patient experiences nightmares
63
Nizatidine
Route: Oral Category: H2 Histamine receptor antagonist (H2RA) Uses: Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Onset within 1 hour and lasts 6 to 12 hours May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea May take PRN prior to known food triggers Only for use in age 12 or older Limit continual use to 14 days OTC
64
Non-medicated ophthalmic gels, ointments &; solutions
Route: Oral Category: Ophthalmic lubricant Uses: Dry eye Key Points: Viscosity comparison (Ointments \> Gels \> Solutions) Blurred vision comparison (Ointments \> Gels \> Solutions) Dosing frequency comparison (Solutions \> Gels \> Ointments) Ophthalmic Solutions: Preservative free versions are more expensive and easily contaminated, but may cause less burning and irritation Also known as "Artificial Tears"
65
Omeprazole
Route: Oral Category: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Uses: GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Take 30 minutes before morning meal Limit duration of OTC treatment to 14 days Long term use, especially in higher doses, may increase risk for GI infections and may increase risk for lower bone density
66
Oxymetazoline
Route: ophthalmic; intranasal Category: Decongestant Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis (ophthalmic), Allergic rhinitis (intranasal), Congestion due to cold or flu (intranasal) Key Points: Limit OTC use to 3 days May be used in combination with antihistamines Extended use may cause rebound congestion and may cause drying of eyes resulting in ocular irritation Use with caution in children, older adults, and patients with cardiovascular history Contraindicated in patients using MAOI’s
67
Pamabrom
Route: Oral Category: Diuretic Uses: Water retention (due to menses) Key Points: Most women do not experience any true sodium or water retention and do not experience weight gain. Swelling and bloating are caused by a fluid shift
68
Permethrin
Route: Topical Category: Pediculicide Uses: Head lice Key Points: Apply after shampooing hair with warm water and towel drying Leave on for 10 minutes and then rinse out Retreatment in 7 to 10 days is only required if active lice are still detected
69
Phenazopyridine
Route: Oral Category: Urinary analgesic Uses: Urinary tract discomfort (due to UTI) Key Points: Decreases pain associated with urination Patients with UTI may not be treated OTC Urinary analgesics may be started OTC for no more than 2 days, while patient is concurrently seeking primary care May turn urine redish in color
70
Pheniramine
Route: Ophthalmic Category: Antihistamine Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis Key Points: Limit OTC use to 3 days Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma May be combined with ophthalmic decongestant for improved efficacy
71
Phenylephrine
Route: intranasal and ophthalmic Category: Decongestant Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis (ophthalmic), Allergic rhinitis (intranasal), Congestion due to cold or flu (intranasal) Key Points: Limit OTC use to 3 days May be used in combination with antihistamines Use with caution in children, older adults, and patients with cardiovascular history Contraindicated in patients using MAOI’s May cause stimulant effects (increased HR, increased BP, insomnia) Nasal and ophthalmic decongestants have less systemic absorption and less systemic side effects than oral
72
Phosphorylated carbohydrate solution
Route: Oral Category: Hyperosmotic Uses: Dyspepsia Key Points: Reduces smooth muscle contraction Max of 5 doses Higher doses my cause diarrhea
73
Polyethylene glycol 3350
Route: Oral Category: Laxative (hyperosmotic) Uses: Constipation Key Points: Not absorbed via GI tract Approved for adults only
74
Protectants
Route: Topical Category: Protectants Uses: Diaper dermatitis, Dry skin, Eczema Key Points: Ingredients include: white petrolatum, zinc oxide, lanolin, cornstarch Apply liberally (too much is just enough) Avoid "double dipping" (Don't contaminate)
75
Pseudoephedrine
Route: Oral Category: Decongestant Uses: Allergic rhinitis, Congestion (due to cold or flu) Key Points: May cause stimulant effects (increased HR, increased BP, insomnia) Use with caution in children, older adults, and patients with cardiovascular history May be used in combination with antihistamines Contraindicated in patients using MAOI’s Brand Name: Sudafed
76
Bulk Forming Laxatives
Route: Oral Category: Bulk Forming Laxatives Uses: Constipation, Diarrhea Key Points: Ingredients include: psyllium, calcium polycarbophil, methylcellulose, wheat dextran ADA recommends 25 grams per day for women and 38 grams per day for men Increase fiber slowly to avoid stomach upset, flatulence, and diarrhea Usually takes 3 to 5 days to relieve constipation Psyllium fiber may work best for both constipation and diarrhea
77
Pyrantel pamoate
Route: Oral Category: Antihelminthic Uses: Pin Worm Key Points: 90% to 100% cure rate Dose is 5mg/lb (max dose is 1000mg) Treat all family members age 2 and up OTC Patients and family members under age 2 require treatment by PCP If still symptomatic after 2 weeks, retreatment required by PCP
78
Pyrethrins
Route: Topical Category: Pediculicide Uses: Head lice, Pubic lice Key Points: Apply to dry hair, leave on for 10 minutes and then rinse out Repeat application after 9 days Do not use if allergic to pyrethrin's, chrysanthemums, or ragweed
79
Ranitidine
Route: Oral Category: H2 Histamine receptor antagonist (H2RA) Uses: Dyspepsia, GERD, Heartburn Key Points: Onset within 1 hour and lasts 6 to 12 hours May cause drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea May take PRN prior to known food triggers Only for use in age 12 or older Limit continual use to 14 days OTC
80
Resorcinol
Route: Topical Category: Acne product Uses: Acne Key Points: May cause reversible, dark spots on darker skinned individuals
81
Salicylic acid
Route: Topical Category: Acne product Uses: Acne Key Points: Used for hyperpigmentation Contraindicated in patient with diabetes and in patients with poor blood circulation Potential hypersensitivity reactions Several potential drug interactions
82
Salicylic acid 17% and 40%
Route: Topical Category: Miscellaneous Uses: Warts Key Points: Common warts 17% Plantar warts 40% Apply petrolatum (protectant) on non-wart area to protect healthy skin Treatment Duration: 12 weeks
83
Scaly Dermatoses Treatment
Route: shampoo Category: Scaly dermatoses treatment Uses: Scaly dermatoses Key Points: Ingredients include: pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, salicylic acid, sulfur, coal tar Frequently formulated as medicated shampoo’s Apply and leave on for 3 to 5 minutes before rinsing Coal tar may discolor hair and clothing
84
Sennosides
Route: Oral Category: Laxative (stimulant) Uses: Constipation Key Points: May cause abdominal cramping due to mechanism of peristalsis stimulation Often produces bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours May discolor urine (pink) Contraindicated with rectal bleeding or pregnancy
85
Simethicone
Route: Oral Category: Miscellaneous GI gas product Uses: GI gas Key Points: Reduces surface tension of gas bubbles causing them to coalesce and be eliminated Take if symptoms of gas to aid in gas removal Not absorbed, no known side effects or interactions Brand name product Mylicon approved for use in infants GAS-X
86
Sodium phosphate
Route: Oral or Enema Category: Laxative (saline) Uses: Constipation Key Points: Causes rapid bowel evacuation Do not use rectal products in children under age 2 Do not use oral products in children under age 5 Caution in renal disease Contraindicated in patients with ostomy or congestive heart failure
87
Sulfur
Route: Topical Category: Acne Product Uses: Acne Key Points: Drying to skin Slight odor
88
Sunscreen
Route: Topical Category: Protectant Uses: Sunburn prevention Key Points: Sunscreen NOT Sunblock Apply 30 minutes prior to sun exposure and reapply every 2 hours Encourage patients to use generously SPF 50+ is the max (Does not provide significantly more coverage than SPF 30) SPF 15 or higher can claim to reduce skin cancer Physical sunscreen: Zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide (better for pts with sensitive skin) Chemical sunscreen: Oxybenzone, avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate and octinoxate (easier to spread)
89
Tetrahydrozoline
Route: Ophthalmic Category: Decongestant Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis Key Points: Limit OTC use to 72 hours Extended use may cause rebound congestion and may cause drying of eyes resulting in ocular irritation
90
Topical Antifungals
Route: Topical Category: Anti Fungal Uses: Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Terbinafine Tinea corporis (ringworm) Tinea cruris (jock itch) Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) Tolnaftate Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) Undecylenic Acid Tinea corporis (ringworm) Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) Key Points: Clotrimazole, Miconazole Apply sparingly, twice daily for 2 to 4 weeks Terbinafine Apply sparingly, twice daily for 1 to 4 weeks Tolnaftate Apply sparinging, twice daily for 2 to 6 weeks. May be used for treatment or prevention. May cause stinging sensation when applied. Undecylenic Acid Apply sparinging, twice daily for 4 weeks. May be used for treatment or prevention
91
Topical Rectal Anesthetics
Category: Anesthetic (topical rectal) Uses: Hemorrhoids Key Points: Ingredients include: benzyl alcohol, dyclonine, pramoxine, benzocaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, tetracaine Block nerve transmission and decrease itching irritation, burning, and pain Do not use on open wounds May cause allergic reactions
92
Topical Rectal Analgesics, Anesthetics, Antipruritics
Category: Analgesic, anesthetic, antipruritic Uses: Hemorrhoids Key Points: Ingredients include: menthol, juniper tar, camphor Counterirritants provide alternative stimulus (tingling, cool, warm etc) Not indicated for internal hemorrhoids
93
Topical Rectal Vasoconstrictors
Category: Vasoconstrictor Uses: Hemorrhoids Key Points: Ingredients include: ephedrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine Shrink hemorrhoids and decrease swelling and irritation May increase blood pressure (avoid OTC use in patients with cardiovascular diseases) Do not use OTC in patients taking MAOIs or TCAs Epinephrine is approved for external use only (not for internal use)
94
Topical Rectal Keratolytic
Category: Keratolytic Uses: Hemorrhoids Key Points: Ingredients include: alcloxa, resorcinol Debriding agents
95
Topical Rectal Protectants
Category: Protectant Uses: Hemorrhoids Key Points: Ingredients include: aluminum hydroxide gel, cocoa butter, glycerin, hard fat, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, white petrolatum, calamine, petrolatum, petrolatum, shark liver oil, zinc oxide, topical starch, cod liver oil Provides a physical barrier to prevent irritation and promote healing
96
Triamcinolone
Route: intranasal Category: Corticosteroid Uses: Allergic conjunctivitis, Allergic rhinitis Key Points: May start at full dose and titrate down Works best after at least 1 week of continued therapy Budesonide, fluticasone, and triamcinolone may be used in childre \*\* but approved age varies by product \*\*Although OTC products for allergies exist for pediatric patients, patients under age 12 should first be evaluated by PCP
97
Trolamine
Route: Topical Category: Counterirritant Uses: Musculoskeletal pain Key Points: Vasodilates increasing blood flow Use on intact skin only, wash hands after applying, and do not apply heat
98
Vaginal Antifungals
Category: Antifungal Uses: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) Key Points: Products include clotrimazole, miconazole, and tioconazole Imidazole antifungals are equally effective between active ingredients (1 day, 3 day, and 7 day) 1 day formulation may shorten symptoms, but overall cure rate is the same as 3 day and 7 day May cause burning, itching and irritation when applied Tioconazole is more expensive than clotrimazole and miconazole

Pharm 452: Self-Care (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions