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PAS 532 Practical Therapeutics 1 > OTC analgesics > Flashcards

OTC analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

analgesia

A

the inability to feel pain

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2
Q

analgesics

A

drugs that work through various mechanisms to reduce inflammation, the perception of pain, the intensity or duration of pain, or other various mechanisms to decrease the ability to feel pain

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3
Q

multiple classes of analgesics

A

acetaminophen (central acting analgesic)
NSAIDs
local anesthetics
counterirritants

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4
Q

acetaminophen

A

tylenol

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5
Q

tylenol indications

A

pain, fever

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6
Q

tylenol US boxed warnings

A

risk of medication errors and hepatotoxicity-dosing errors resulting in accidental overdose

cases of acute liver failure at times requiring transplantation or causing death-do not exceed maximum doses

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7
Q

tylenol contraindications

A

severe hepatic impairment or severe active liver disease

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8
Q

tylenol ADRs

A

well tolerated-possibly GI side effects

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9
Q

tylenol metabolism/excretion

A

no renal or hepatic adjustments

contraindicated in severe liver impairment

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10
Q

pediatric acetaminophen

A

various concentrations exist

ensure you have the correct concentration when you’re recommending doses

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11
Q

typical pediatric acetaminophen dosing

A

10-15 mg/kg per dose-not to exceed 5 doses per day

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12
Q

NSAIDs indications

A

mild to moderate paid, management or inflammaroty diseases and rheumatoid diseases, fever, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis

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13
Q

NSAIDs US boxed warnings

A

increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events including myocardial infarction and stroke

increased risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding

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14
Q

NSAIDs MOA

A

reversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2: decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors-antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties

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15
Q

NSAIDs contraindications

A

use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery

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16
Q

NSAIDs metabolism/excretion

A

avoid in renal impairment, no hepatic adjustment needed

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17
Q

NSAIDs ADRs

A

cardiovascular effects
gastrointestinal effects
hematologic effects
acute and chronic kidney injury, interstitial nephritis

18
Q

NSAIDs cardiovascular effects

A

increased risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events- MI, CVA, new-onset hypertension, new-onset or exacerbation of heart failure

inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidneys- increased water retention, increased bp

19
Q

NSAIDs GI effects

A

GI inflammation, hemorrhage, ulcer, perforation-can be fatal

COX-1 inhibition results in a reduction in mucosal-protective prostaglandin E2

longer duration of therapy increases risk

20
Q

NSAIDs hematologic effects

A

prolong bleeding time and increase risk for hemorrhage

COX-1 inhibition decreases thromboxanes (thromboxane A2), decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation

21
Q

NSAIDs acute and chronic kidney injury, interstitial nephritis

A

reduce production of nephroprotective prostaglandins-increase in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and impaired renal blood flow

22
Q

ibuprofen

A

motrin

23
Q

motrin dosing

A

200 mg tabs 3-4 times/day

24
Q

naproxen

A

aleve

25
Q

aleve dosing

A

220 mg tabs 2x day (BID)

26
Q

divlofenac

A

voltaren gel

27
Q

voltaren gel dosing

A

4x day
2 gm on upper joints
4 gm on lower joints
no more than 2 body areas at the same time

28
Q

aspirin dosing

A

81 mg daily (cardiac dose)

325 mg 3-4x day

29
Q

capsaicin indications

A

muscle/joint pain, neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy

30
Q

capsaicin warnings

A

do not use on wounds, damaged, broken, irritated skin, or into skin folds; do not cover with bandage; do not apply within 1 hour before or after bath, shower, hot tub, or sauna; do not use in combination with external heat sources; do not combine with other topucal analgesics

31
Q

capsaicin ADRs

A

application sire burning, erythema, pain

32
Q

capsaicin metabolism/excretion

A

no adjustments needed

33
Q

lidocaine indications

A

temporary relief of minor localized pain

34
Q

lidocaine US boxed warnings

A

life-threatening and fatal events in infants and young children seizures, cardiopulmonary arrest, and death
lidocaine toxicities
antiarrhythmic effects

35
Q

lidocaine ADRs

A

erythema at application site

36
Q

lidocaine metabolis/excretion

A

no adjustments needed in hepatic or renal dysfunction

37
Q

lidocaine MOA

A

blocks the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses

38
Q

menthol and methyl salicylate indications

A

temporary relief of minor localized pain

39
Q

menthol and methyl salicylate MOA

A

menthol-counterirritants

40
Q

menthol and methyl salicylate ADRs

A

erythema at application site

41
Q

menthol and methyl salicylate metabolism/excretion

A

no adjustments needed in hepatic or renal dysfunction

PAS 532 Practical Therapeutics 1 (4 decks)

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