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GPhC Exam '22 > OTC > Flashcards

OTC Flashcards

1
Q

define colic and common cause of colic in infants

A
  • colic - infant difficulty to digest lactose in milk.
  • common in infants until the age of 4-6 months
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2
Q

symptoms of colic and describe the rule of 3’s

A
  • excessive and high pitched crying = red face
  • excessive gas/constipation
  • pulling knees to stomach
  • clenched fists

Rule of 3’s
1. every 3 hours/day
2. occurs 3 days per week
3. started at 3 weeks +

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3
Q

referral criteria of colic

A
  1. failure to gain weight
  2. inconsolable crying

referral to GP

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4
Q

OTC products for colic

A

Only 1 week trial

  1. Infacol = contains simeticone
    - relieve gripping pain, colic and flatulence
  2. Colief = contains lactulose enzymes
    - breaks down lactose found in breast milk/bottle fed milk.
    - apply to breast or bottle directly - NOT to infant
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5
Q

advice for colic

A
  • breast fed = mothers to take a week trial of stopping cow’s milk/diary
  • bottle fed= switch to hypoallergenic formula
  • burp baby after feeds
  • massage baby stomach
  • hold them upright during feeds to avoid swallowing air.
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6
Q

a mother shows you the scalp of her 2 month old baby. There are large, greasy yellow-brown scales which crusted over from weeping. The skin appears to be inflamed and is extending beyond the forehead.
What is the best course of action?
a. Refer to the GP for fluclox
b. baby has fungal ringworm infection: sell clotrimazole cream and chloramphenamine for itching
c. sell olive oil BP
d. sell cradle cap shampoo
e. sell hydrocortisone to tx the inflammation; it is most likely an allergic rection

A

a. Refer to the GP for fluclox
most likely to be bacterial skin infection as indicated by weeping, inflamed scalp

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7
Q

referral symptoms of cradle cap

A
  1. severe cradle cap on the face/body
  2. swelling, scratching or bleeding = atopic eczema
  3. weeping/ inflamed = may be infected, may need abx or antifungal prescribed
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8
Q

what is cradle cap?

A

-infantile seborrhoeic derm
- affects before 6 months of age
- usually self-limiting = disappear after a few weeks/months
- caused: lack of hygiene or allergies

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9
Q

otc products for cradle cap

A
  1. baby shampoo overnight & comp with soft brush
  2. olive oil BP
  3. capasal shampoo : salicyclic acid, coconut oil = all ages
  4. nizoral dandruff shampoo: ketoconazole = 12 yrs+
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10
Q

advice for cradle cap

A
  • common and harmless
  • do NOT pick on the scales = may cx infection
  • not contagious
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11
Q

what ages are children given vaccines for MMR?

A
  • at 1 year
  • at 3 yrs 4 months old
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12
Q

what are the early signs for measles

A
  • koplik spots = white spots in the inner cheeks (buccal mucosa)
  • conjunctivitis
  • fever
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13
Q

symptoms of measles

A
  • red-brown blotching rash that starts behind ear to the face, body, trunk and limbs
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14
Q

how long is measles contagious for and potential complications?

A
  • 4 days
  • dangerous for children illness; otitis media, pneumonia, encephalopathy
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15
Q

what are the early signs of mumps

A
  • fever
  • headaches
  • malaise
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16
Q

what are the symptoms of mumps

A
  • swelling of the face one side or both
    (cx: inflammation of the parotid glands)
17
Q

how long is mumps contagious for and potential complications?

A
  • 5 days
  • in adults risk of meningitis and sterility
18
Q

what are the early signs of rubella

A
  • swollen lymph nodes
19
Q

symptoms of rubella

A
  • pink macular rash - that starts on the face then spreads to the body, trunk
20
Q

how long is rubella contagious for and potential complications?

A
  • 6 days
  • stay away pregnant women = foetal damage
21
Q

treatment for MMR

A
  • referral to urgent medical attention
22
Q

advice for MMR

A
  • rest
  • hydration
  • avoid acidic drugs = irritate parotid glands = mumps
23
Q

what is meningitis

A

bacterial/viral infection

  • meningococal bacterial infection = most dangerous = blood poisoning
24
Q

The main symptoms of meningitis

A
  • stiff neck
  • severe headaches
  • non-blanching rash
  • photophobia
  • seizures
25
Q

key features of meningitis in infants

A
  • refuse to feed
  • not responsive / floppiness
  • rapid breathing
  • difficult to wake
26
Q

referral for meningitis

A

all suspected cases require immediate hospital admission

27
Q

72 year old woman seeks treatment for white plaques located on her inner cheeks, towards the back of her throat. She has tried to scrape it off which has left a sore and red surface underneath. She also complains of a hoarse voice. She is taking the following medications QVAR inhaler and Warfarin

What is the best course of action?
a. sell miconazole (daktarin oral gel)
b. refer to GP for nystatin
c. refer to GP. She is suffering from a medication ADR
d. Sell vocalzone lozenges
e. Sell miconazole. encourage patient to use spacer and to rinse her mouth out after using the inhaler

A

b. refer to GP for nystatin.

Pt is taking warfarin = cannot offer miconazole = increases risk of severe bleeding

therefore refer to GP for nystatin

28
Q

Moses is 5yrs and has a bright red rash on his cheeks and a light pink, itchy rash on his chest, thighs and arms. His mother believes it to be allergic reaction.

She mentions that he has a slight fever and been feeling poorly for a while. She believes it might be something he had eaten at a friend’s baby shower a few days ago

What is the best course of action?
a. Sell hydrocortisone
b. Sell paracetamol. Advice the mother to inform her pregnant friend to see the GP urgently
c. Sell paracetamol and chlorphenamine. Advice the mother to inform her pregnant friend to see her GP urgently.
d. Refer to the GP. The child is contagious
e. Sell chlorphenamine

A

c. Sell paracetamol and chlorphenamine. Advice the mother to inform her pregnant friend to see her GP urgently.

  • Moses has an itchy rash which also requires symptomatic treatment
29
Q

differentiate between cold sores and impetigo

A

Cold sores usually occur around your mouth and consist of small blisters. Impetigo can form around your mouth but also on other parts of your face and body. It causes larger blisters

GPhC Exam '22 (16 decks)

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