Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OTC Exam > OTC > Flashcards

OTC Flashcards

1
Q

What is Constipation

A

Decrease in bowel motility due to infrequent stool s or difficulty passings stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of Constipation

A

Bloated, Abdominal discomfort/distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease induced (Consitipation)

A

Irritable bowel syndrome, Thyroid dysfunction, Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exclusions for self-treatment of Constipation

A
  • Previous appropriate self-care does not resolve symptoms
  • Blood in stool
  • Vomiting
    -Fever
  • Abdominal pain
  • Symptoms persisting >1 week
    -Recent Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MOA of Bulk-forming Laxatives

A

pull fluid into stool (initial treatment for simple constipation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 Drugs of Bulk-forming Laxatives

A

Methylcellulose(Citrucel), Calcium polycarbophil(Fibercon), Psyllium (Metamucil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The brand name of Methylcellulose

A

Citrucel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The brand name of Calcium polycarbophil

A

Fibercon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The brand name of Psyllium

A

Metamucil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of Emollient Laxatives

A

increases the softening of stool (Agents help to prevent constipation by relieving hard, dry stool)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adverse effects of Emollient Laxatives

A

Diarrhea, abdominal cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Onset action of Emollient Laxatives

A

24-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1 drug of Emollient Laxatives

A

Docusate sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The brand name of Docusate sodium

A

Colace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dosing of Docusate sodium

A

Children > 6 years: 100mg PO daily
Adults : Up to 100 mg PO tid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA of Lubricant Laxatives

A

softens and coats for a “slippery stool”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adverse Effects of Lubricant Laxatives

A

Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Onset of action of Lubricant Laxatives

A

8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1 drug of Lubricant Laxatives

A

Mineral oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dosing of Mineral Oil

A

Children 6-11 yrs : 10-25mL PO per day
Adults : 15-45 mL PO per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Recommendation of Mineral Oil

A

for patients who need to avoid straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exceptions of Mineral Oil

A
  • Very young patients
  • Advanced age
    -Debilitated patients
  • Not a good recommendation due to lower absorption of fat soluble vitamins
  • Caution : sit upright when taking medications due to risk of aspirating mineral oil into lung (liquid pneumonia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOA of Hyperosmotic Laxatives

A

draws water into the colon and provides local irritation to prompt bowel evacuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adverse effect of Hyperosmotic Laxatives

A

stomach discomfort, bloating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
onset of action
varies per product
25
two drugs of Hyperosmotic Laxatives
Glycerin Suppository, Polyethylene Glycol
26
Brand name of Glycerin suppository
Fleet Glycerin suppositroy
27
dosing of Glycerin suppository
- Children < 6 years : 1 infant suppository rectally 1-2 times per day as needed - Adults : 1 suppository rectally 1-2 times per day as needed
28
Onset of Action of Glycerin suppository
within 30 min
29
Brand name of Polyethylene Glycol
Miralax
30
Dosing of Polyethylene Glycol
- Adults : 17 grams (1 capful) in 4-8 ounces of liquid PO once daily - May need to titrate dose - should not be used > 1week without consulting physician
31
onset of action of Polyethylene Glycol
2 hours to 4 days
32
MOA of Stimulant Laxatives
increase peristaltic movement throughout the gut by mucosal irritation
33
Adverse Effects of Stimulant Laxatives
abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
34
onset of action of Stimulant Laxatives
6-10 hrs
35
Cautions of Stimulant Laxatives
avoid use > 1 week avoid in patient with constipation due to hard stool
36
2 drugs of Stimulant Laxatives
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax), Sennosides ( Senna)
37
Brand name of Bisacodyl
Ducolax
38
Brand name of Sennacide
Senna
39
Dosing of Bisacodyl
-Children 6-11 yrs : 5-10 mg PO per day (maximum) -Adults : 5-15 mg PO per day
40
Dosing of Sennosides
Children 6-12 yrs : 8.6 mg PO per day - Adults: 17.2 mg PO bid - Max of 4 tablets (34.4mg) PO bid
41
what's diarrhea
an increase in the patients normal number of bowel movements per day or decrease in consistency of the stool
42
types of Diarrhea
Acute : lasting a few days to a week Chronic : lasting > three weeks
43
Goals of Treatment of Diarrhea
- Prevent dehydration - Decrease frequency and increase formation of stools - Identify cause
44
Exclusions for self-treatment
- Fever > 101 F - Blood present in stool - Severe diarrhea with no signs of improvement in 48 hrs - Severe dehydration - Pregnancy - During/following a course of antibiotics - immediately following travel from a foreign country
45
2 drugs of Diarrhea
Loperamide, pepto-bismol
46
2 brand names of Loperamide
Imodium, Maalox anti-diarrheal caplets
47
MOA of Loperamide
acts on the opioid receptor to decrease motility allowing for more absorption through the intestines
48
Dosing of Loperamide
Children 6-8 yrs : 1 caplet PO with first loose stool, then 1/2 caplet with each subsequent loose stool - Max 2 caplets per 24 hrs Children 9-11 yrs : 1 caplet PO with first loose stool, then 1/2 caplet with each subsequent loose stool - Max 3 caplets per 24 hrs Adults > 12 yrs : 2 caplets PO with first loose stool, then 1 caplet with each subsequent loose stool - Max 4 caplets per 24 hrs
49
Adverse Effect of Loperamide
Constipation, abdominal cramping
50
Cautions of Loperamide
- counsel patient to stay well hydrated as dehydration is often times more severe than diarrheal alone
51
What is Oral rehydration solutions are the best OTC rehydration products available with a balance of electrolytes?
Pedialyte
52
Treatment of Pepto-Bismol
Upset stomach, indigestion, diarrhea
53
Another name of Pepto-Bismol
Bismuth Subsalicylate
54
Dosing of Pepto-Bismol
adults : 1 dose (30 mL) PO every 1/2-1 hour as needed Max- 8 doses per 24 hrs Shake well
55
Cautions of Pepto-Bismol
Do not use in children < 12 yrs
56
What is Excellent choice for treatment for Pepto-bismol
traveler's Diarrhea (*but, recent travel from a foreign country is an exclusion for self-treatment)
57
What is Heartburn?
Burning sensation from stomach up toward neck/throat
58
What is Gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)?
chronic symptoms of heartburn with possible mucosal damage of the esophagus caused by reflux
59
What is Dyspepsia?
consistent or recurrent discomfort located primarily in upper abdomen
60
Goals of Treatment for Heartburn/Dyspepsia
- Alleviate symptoms - decrease frequency of recurrence - promote healing of mucosal injury - prevent complications
61
Exclusions of Self-treatment
- Gastrointestinal bleed - Chest pain with pain radiating down to arm, shoulder, neck - shortness of breath - frequent heartburn for > 3 months without relief from OTC agents - Chronic NSAID use (ibuprofen, naproxen) - Pregnancy/ lactation - Difficult/painful swallowing - nighttime heartburn
62
lifestyle changes for Heartburn/Dyspepsia
- lose weight - elevate the head of the bed - eat smaller meals and avoid meals 3 hrs before bed - avoid trigger food which make GERD worse - Spicy food, orange and tomato juice, coffee, tea, mints, chocolate, fatty foods, soda/carbonate beverages - stop smoking - avoid alcohol - exercise
63
3 medications of Heartburn/dyspepsia
Antacids, Histamine 2 receptor antagonists, Proton pump Inhibitors
64
MOA of Antacids
neutralize gastric acid (raises pH), increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
65
Onset of Action of Antacids
10-30 min
65
Duration of Action of Antacids
20-30 min
66
Cautions of Antacids
- Patients should separate antacids from other medications due to possibility of less absorption of other medications - Patients with kidney problems should avoid antacids as these medications can accumulate in the kidney
67
3 Generics of Antacids
Aluminum Hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium Hydroxide
68
Brand name of Aluminum hydorxide
Maalox
69
Dosing of Aluminum hydroxide
2-4 tsp PO four times daily
70
2 brand names of calcium carbonate
Tums, Maalox (tablets)
71
Dosing of Tums (calcium carbonate)
1-2 tablets PO prn
72
Dosing of Maalox tablets (calcium carbonate)
2-3 tablets PO prn
73
Brand name of Magnesium hydroxide
Philips' Milk of Magnesia
74
Dosing of Magnesium hydroxide (Philips' Milk of Magnesia)
depends on strength and dosage forms
75
What might be beneficial for gas and bloating
products containing simethicone (Gas-X)
76
Adverse effects of Antacids
Calcium&Aluminum : constipation Magnesium : Diarrheal Magnesium&aluminum : accumulation in renal patients Belching/gas Chalky taste
77
MOA of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
inhibits gastric acid secretion
78
adverse effect of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea
79
onset of action of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
30-45 min
80
duration of action of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
4-10 hrs
81
Caution of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
should take approximately 30-60 min before a meal
82
3 drugs of Histamine 2 receptor antagonists
Famotidine(Pepcid AC) Cimetidine(Tagamet HB) Nizatidine(Axid AR)
83
Brand name of Famotidine
Pepcid AC
84
Dosing of Famotidine (Pepcid AC)
10-20mg PO bid
85
Brand name of Cimetidine
Tagamet HB
86
Dosing of Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
200mg PO bid
87
Caution of Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
avoid due to drug interaction (recommend any of the other H2As)
88
Brand name of Nizatidine
Axid AR
89
Dosing of Nizatidine(Axid AR)
150 mg PO bid
90
MOA of Proton pump inhibitors
decrease gastric acid by inhibiting proton pump(these actively secrete acid)
91
Onset of action of proton pump inhibitors
2-3 hrs
92
duration of action of PPI
12-24 hrs
93
Notes of Proton pump inhibitor
- better at treating reflux symptoms for patients with moderate to severe symptoms - These agents are usually used with frequent heartburn with symptoms 2+days per week - patients should only take medication for shortest duration possible (May 2010: FDA placed a warning on all PPls for the risk of hip, spine, and wrist fracture with long term use)
94
3 drugs of Proton pump inhibitors
Omeprazole (Prilosec), Omeprazole with sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
95
brand name of Omeprazole
Prilosec
96
dosing of Omeprazole (Prilosec)
adult : 20 mg PO once daily
97
Brand name of Omeprazole with sodium bicarbonate
Zegerid
98
Brand name of Lansoprazole
Prevacid
99
Dosing of Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Adult : 15 mg PO only daily
100
Cautions of Proton pump inhibitors
- Take PPIs once daily for 14 days; can repeat after 4 months if needed - should be counseled to call their physician if symptoms worsen or persist form more than weeks - If on Plavix
101
If on ____, patients should contact physician before starting due to possible decrease efficacy ___.
Plavix ( this is controversial as to whether it is clinically significant)
102
If there is no improvement after 14 days for self care
Go to doctor
103
What is Nausea
characterized by a person's subjective feeling of a need to vomit
104
Goals of treatment of Nausea
- Provide symptomatic relief - identify and correct the underlying causes - prevent and correct complications - prevent future occurences
105
Exclusions for self-treatment
- severe vomiting - chronic medical conditions - abdominal pain/distension - blood in vomit - pregnancy - suspected dehydration - refer to physician if vomiting persists > 24-28 hrs
106
1 Drug for Nausea
Emetrol
107
What is Emetrol
Combination of sugar and phosphoric acid = sugar water
108
Dosing of Emetrol
PO every 15 minutes up to 1 hour at a time 2-12 yrs : 1-3 tsp >12 yrs : 2 tablespoons
109
notes of emetrol
encourage patients to stay well hydrated if possible
110
What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it.
111
Exclusions for self-treatment
- Patient < 2 yrs of age - Rash persisting > 2 weeks - Swelling of body or rash extending > 25 % of body - Open, weeping lesions - involvement of eyes, eyelids, nose, mouth
112
2 medications for Allergic contact dermatitis
Corticosteroids, Topical antifungals
113
1 drug of Corticosteroids
Hydrocortisone 0.5-1%
114
brand name of hydrocortisone 0.5%-1%
Cortizone-10
115
What hydrocortisone is used for
to relieve itching, redness and rash from dry skin, insect bits, allergic reactions including poison ivy
116
cautions of Corticosteroids (hydrocortisone(cortizone-10))
- external use only - avoid contact around eyes and mouth - avoid use in children under 2 yrs of age - discontinue and consult MD if condition worsens or persists > 7 days
117
Notes of Topical Antifugals
- there are many a variety of products that cover many different fungal infections ( Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch, Ring Worm, Vaginal Yeast Infection) - Pay attention to duration of treatment
118
5 generics of Topical Antifugals
Miconazole cream, Clotrimazole cream, Terbinafine cream, Ketoconazole shampoo, Tolnaftate cream
119
Brand name of Miconazole cream
Monistat
120
Brand name of Clotrimazole cream
Lotrimin AF
121
Brand name of Terbinafine cream
Lamisil
122
Brand name of Ketoconazole shampoo
Nizoral
123
Brand name of Tolnaftate cream
Tinactin

OTC Exam (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions