OTA 237- 1,6,7 &10 Wk3 Quiz Flashcards
Sequence of skills is…
predictable but rate may vary
Periods of Development
Infancy: 0-18 mo
Early childhood 18 mo- 5 years
Middle childhood 6-12 years
Adolescence 12-21 years
3 basic rules of motor development
cephalocaudal progression
proximal to distal progression- trunk to arms
gross to fine motor control
Principles of Normal Development
- development is sequential and predictable
- maturation and experience affect a child’s development
- changes occur in the biological, psychological, and social systems
- development progresses vertically and horizontally
- motor developmental has three basic rules
Motor Skills
Gross- large movements- muscles and balance
fine motor- contained to hand- writing drawing
Apgar Schore
tests neonate physiological status in 5 areas color HR reflex irritability muscle tone respiratory rate tested 1min and 5 min after birth
Infants Sensory Skills Development
Vision- birth see 8 inches; at 3 months able to distinguish between colors and patterns; 12 months acuity is 20/100 and 20/50
Hearing- well developed; 3 mo visually orient to sounds
Smell- 3 mo able to distinguish odors
Touch- most important stimuli for infants are skin contact and warmth
Infants Gross Motor Development
Newborn- physiologic flexion @ birth & random burst movements
Primitive reflexes: present @ birth- integration starts at 3 months until 5 months
Birth- 2 months able to turn head from side to side in prone and supine position
4 months - lift head to 90 degrees to look around- bring hands to knees in supine position and rolls
Rooting
P: supine
S: light touch
PR: opens mouth & turns head in direction of touch
Food searching reflex
SuckingSwallowing
P: supine
S: light touch on mouth
PR: closes mouth and sucks
food gathering
Palmar Grasp Reflex
birth - 4-6mths
P: supine
S: pressure on palm of hand
+response: fingers flex
Neonatal Positive Support
birth - 1-2mths
P: upright
S: being bounced several time
+response: le extensor tone increase, hip and knee flex may occur
ATNR - asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
P- supine arm and legs extended
S-turn head to 1 side
R- arm & leg on face side extend & skill slide flex
*connect brain with body develops hand eye coordination
STNR- symmetrical tonic neck reflex
birth - 4-6mths P: quadruped S: flexed head/extended head \+response: arms flex/legs extend arms extend /legs flex
TLR S- Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex: Supine
birth - 4-6mths
P: supine
S: being moved in to flexed
+response: ue and le increases when moved into flexion
TLR P - Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex Prone
birth - 4-6mths
P: Prone
S: being moved in to extensin
+response: ue and le increases when moved into extension
Plantar Grasp Reach
birth - 4-9mths
P: supine
S: firm pressure on ball of foot
+response: toe grasp
3 Major Postural Reflexes
1: Primitive Relaxes
2. Righting Reactions -back to midline
3: Equilibrium reactions - protective extension reactions
Righting Reactions
- body on head
- body on body
- neck on body
Infant fine motor development
birth-3mths grasp reflex
4mths visually directed reaching (ATNR)
5-6mths palmar grasp/transfer objects
6mth reaches for object able to use radial palmar grasp
7-8mths radial digital grasp
9-12mth inferior pincer–pincer–fine pincer grasp
Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development
- sensorimotor
- preoperatinal
- concrete operational
- formal opeational
Infants Gross Motor Development
6 mo- able to reach while prone on extended arms, bring feet to mouth in supine position, sit when propped
6-9 mo- can assume sitting, belly crawl, protective extension responses
7-21 mo- equillibrium reactions developing
10-11 mo- able to creep
14 mo- able to walk
12-18 mo- practices walking, jumping and running
Tummy time importance
allows vertical development
infant turns head- raises head -weight shifting
