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REL 211 > OT Mid Term > Flashcards

OT Mid Term Flashcards

Studying for the first fall term mid term

1
Q

Hebrew Bible

A

The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh or sometimes the Mikra, is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures

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2
Q

Old Testament

A

the first part of Christian Bibles, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible

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3
Q

ANE = Ancient Near East

A

home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient Iran, Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands, the Levant, Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula.

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4
Q

Pentateuch

A

Pentateuch means the first five books of the Bible. These books are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

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5
Q

Septuagint (LXX)

A

The Septuagint is the earliest extant Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures.

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6
Q

Textual Criticism

A

Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, the identification of textual variants. Which is concerned with establishing the original or most authoritative text.

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7
Q

Historical Criticism

A

Method of criticism of the Hebrew Bible (OT) that emphasizes the interpretation of biblical documents in the light of their contemporary environment. Criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text in order to understand “the world behind the text”.

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8
Q

Source Criticism

A

Refers to the attempt to establish the sources used by the authors and redactors of a biblical text.

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9
Q

Redaction Criticism

A

focuses on how the redactor shaped and moulded the narrative to express theological and ideological goals. Regards the author of the text as editor of the source materials..

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10
Q

J,E,D,P

A

Pentateuch is a compilation of four originally independent documents: the Jahwist (J), Elohist (E), Deuteronomist (D), and Priestly (P) sources.

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11
Q

Mitzvah=commandment

A

the Hebrew word mitzvah. meaning “commandment”… Believed to be 613 mitzvot to be derived from the Hebrew Bible.

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12
Q

Primeval History

A

The primeval history, the name given by biblical scholars to the first eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis, is a story of the first years of the world’s existence.

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13
Q

Adam and Eve

A

First humans created by god. First was Adam, then Eve was created from one of Adams ribs.

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14
Q

Cain and Abel

A

Cain and Abel are the first two sons of Adam and Eve. Cain, firstborn, was a farmer, an Abel was a shepherd. The brothers made sacrifices to God, but God favored Abel’s sacrifice instead of Cain’s.

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15
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. Begins with five Sumerian poems about Bilgamesh, king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur.

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16
Q

Enuma Elish

A

The Enûma Eliš, is the Babylonian creation myth.

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17
Q

Tiamat/Marduk

A

Tiama a primordial goddess of the salt sea, She is the symbol of the chaos of primordial creation. She was slain by Marduk. He used her carcass to form Heaven and Earth. Marduk was made King of the Gods.

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18
Q

Baal Epic

A

The Baal Cycle is an Ugaritic cycle of stories about the Canaanite god Baʿal, a storm god associated with fertility.

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19
Q

Baal/Anath; El

A

With the assistance of Asherah and Anath, Baal gets El’s approval to build a house; Kothar accomplishes the construction. Baal throws a party, inviting the gods to a feast. The other major story concerns Baal’s relations with Mot (“Death”), whom he initially defies, but to whom he eventually succumbs.

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20
Q

Hammurabi

A

Hammurabi was the sixth king of the First Babylonian dynasty, reigning from c. 1792 BC to c. 1750 BC. Know for developing the code of Hammarabi

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21
Q

Torah

A

the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures

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22
Q

Patriarchs

A

The patriarchs of the Bible, when narrowly defined, are Abraham, his son Isaac, and Isaac’s son Jacob, also named Israel, the ancestor of the Israelites. These three figures are referred to collectively as the patriarchs,

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23
Q

Abraham

A

is the common patriarch of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and other religions. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the covenant of the pieces. the special relationship between the Jewish people and God(christian). He is the prototype of all believers(Jewish or Gentile). In Islam he is seen as a link in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

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24
Q

Isaac

A

Isaac is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites, according to the biblical Book of Genesis. In the biblical narrative, he was the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob.

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25
Q

Jacob/Israel

A

Jacob, later given the name Israel, is regarded as a Patriarch of the Israelites and so, he is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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26
Q

Matriarchs

A

a woman who is the head of a family or tribe.

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27
Q

Sarah

A

Sarah is a Biblical matriarch and prophetess, a major figure in Abrahamic religions. While some discrepancies exist in how she is portrayed by the different faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all depict her character similarly, as that of a pious woman, renowned for her hospitality and beauty, the wife of Abraham, and the mother of Isaac.

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28
Q

Rebekah

A

Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau.

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29
Q

`Leah, Rachel

A

Rachel, in Genesis, the first book of the Hebrew Bible, one of the two wives of the partriarch Jacob. Forced to serve Rachel’s father, Laban, for seven years to win her, Jacob was tricked at the end of that time into marrying her sister, Leah.

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30
Q

Laban (Arameans)

A

a figure in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. He was the brother of Rebekah, who married Isaac and bore Jacob. Laban welcomed his nephew as a young man, and set him the stipulation of seven years’ labour before he permitted him to marry his daughter Rachel. Laban tricked Jacob into marrying his elder daughter Leah instead. Jacob then took both women as wives.

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31
Q

Esau (Edomites)

A

Esau, in the Hebrew Bible, is the older son of Isaac. He is mentioned in the Book of Genesis, and by the prophets Obadiah and Malachi.

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32
Q

Eponymous

A

An eponymous ancestor is a person, after whom a people, place, or institution is named, or believed to be named. We have a long list of eponymous ancestors in the Bible.

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33
Q

12 Tribes of Israel = Jacob

A

The Biblical Twelve Tribes of Israel were descended from the twelve sons of Jacob, who came to be known by the name of Israel. These sons were Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Levi, Issachar, Zebulun, Benjamin, Dan, Asher, Gad, and Joseph.

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34
Q

Hebron

A

Hebron is mentioned 87 times in the Bible and is the world’s oldest Jewish community. Joshua assigned Hebron to Caleb from the tribe of Judah (Joshua 14:13-14), who subsequently led his tribe in conquering the city and its environs (Judges 1:1-20)

35
Q

Shechem

A

Shechem, also spelled Sichem, was a Canaanite city mentioned in the Amarna letters, and is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as an Israelite city of the tribe of Manasseh and the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel

36
Q

Covenant – Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses,

Canaan; Canaanites

A

A biblical covenant is a religious covenant that is described in the Bible. All Abrahamic religions consider biblical covenants important. The Hebrew Bible contains the Noahic Covenant, which is between God and all people, as well as a number of more specific covenants with individuals or groups.

37
Q

Tower of Babel

A

The Tower of Babel narrative in Genesis 11:1–9 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world’s peoples speak different languages. Tower of Babel, in biblical literature, structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) some time after the Deluge. … According to Genesis, the Babylonians wanted to make a name for themselves by building a mighty city and a tower “with its top in the heavens.”

38
Q

Negeb

A

The origin of the word ‘negev’ is from the Hebrew root denoting ‘dry’. In the Bible, the word Negev is also used for the direction ‘south’; some English-language translations use the spelling “Negeb”.

39
Q

Mamre

A

Mamre is located on a hill on the ancient route between Hebron and Jerusalem. According to the Biblical account, Abraham pitched his tent there, under an oak tree (Gen. 13:18). There also God spoke to the Patriarch (Gen. 18:1).

40
Q

Bethel

A

Bethel, ancient city of Palestine, located just north of Jerusalem. Bethel was important in Old Testament times and was frequently associated with Abraham and Jacob.

41
Q

Hagar

A

Hagar is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis. She was an Egyptian slave/handmaid of Sarai, who gave her to Abraham to bear a child. The product of the union was Abraham’s firstborn, Ishmael, the progenitor of the Ishmaelites.

42
Q

Ishmael

A

Ishmael is the figure known in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as Abraham’s son, born to Hagar. In Islam, Ishmael is regarded as a prophet and an ancestor to Muhammad

43
Q

Sodom

A

a city destroyed by God for its wickedness that, with Gomorrah, traditionally typifies depravity

44
Q

Moses

A

God sent Moses back to Egypt to demand the release of the Israelites from slavery. … After the Ten Plagues, Moses led the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, after which they based themselves at Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments.

45
Q

Aaron

A

Aaron was a prophet, high priest, and the brother of Moses in the Abrahamic religions. Knowledge of Aaron, along with his brother Moses, comes exclusively from religious texts, such as the Bible and Quran

46
Q

Exodus

A

The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Bible and describes the Exodus, which includes the Israelites’ deliverance from slavery in Egypt through the hand of Yahweh, the revelations at biblical Mount Sinai, and the subsequent “divine indwelling” of God with Israel.

47
Q

Theophany

A

The term theophany has acquired a specific usage for Christians and Jews with respect to the Bible: It refers to the manifestation of the Abrahamic God to people. Only a small number of theophanies are found in OT.

48
Q

Circumcision

A

Circumcision was enjoined upon the biblical patriarch Abraham, his descendants and their slaves as “a token of the covenant” an “everlasting covenant” (Genesis 17:13), thus it is commonly observed by two (Judaism and Islam) of the Abrahamic religions.

49
Q

Plagues

A

Blood, frogs, lice, wild beast, pestilence, skin disease, hail, locust, darkness, slaying of the firstborn

50
Q

Passover

A

Passover commemorates the story of the Israelites’ departure from ancient Egypt, which appears in Exodus,

51
Q

Sabbath Day

A

Sabbath of the Lord our God. The Sabbath Day begins at sundown on Friday and ends at sundown on Saturday.

52
Q

Sabbatical Year

A

Sabbatical year is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the Torah for the Land of Israel, and still observed in contemporary Judaism.

53
Q

Jubilee

A

The Jubilee is the year at the end of seven cycles of shmita and, according to Biblical regulations, had a special impact on the ownership and management of land in the Land of Israel;

54
Q

Sinai, Horeb

A

Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הַר סִינַי‬, Har Sinai) is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God,

55
Q

Covenant

A

A biblical covenant is a religious covenant that is described in the Bible. All Abrahamic religions consider biblical covenants important. The Hebrew Bible contains the Noahic Covenant, which is between God and all people, as well as a number of more specific covenants with individuals or groups.

56
Q

Suzerain/vassal

A

God promised to make Abraham the father of a great people and said that Abraham and his descendants must obey God. In return God would guide them and protect them and give them the land of Israel.

57
Q

Treaty

A

The more powerful party is the suzerain and the less powerful is the vassal. Sometimes parties are referred to as “father” and “son,” “lord and “servant,” or “king” and “vassal.” Lesser party must show submission to the suzerain.

58
Q

Preamble

A

These are the words that Moses spoke to all of Israel on the other side of the Jordan in the desert. It is a journey of eleven days from Herob by the way of Mount Seire up to Kadesh Barnea.

59
Q

Election

A

Unconditional election (also known as unconditional grace). before he created the world, where he predestinated some people to receive salvation, the elect, and the rest he left to continue in their sins

60
Q

Holiness

A

Holiness refers to the condition of something or someone that is set apart as sacred, consecrated or dedicated. Obviously God is holy because He is pure, loving and without sin. However, it is also possible for common objects or people to become holy (set apart) as they are used for God’s purposes.

61
Q

Purity

A

Purity means having no contamination or adulteration. In spirituality purity implies cleanliness not only at physical level but also in your words and thoughts.Maintaining Physical purity is way more easier compare to maintaining purity in words and thoughts

62
Q

Priests

A

the priest eventually assumed the role of the church’s chief representative of God to the people.

63
Q

Levites

A

Levites are the descendants of the Tribe of Levi, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Levites are integrated in Jewish and Samaritan communities, but keep a distinct status.

64
Q

Tabernacle

A

Also known as the Tent of the Congregation, was the portable earthly dwelling place of Yahweh (God) used by the children of Israel from the Exodus until the conquest of Canaan

65
Q

Ark of the Covenant

A

is a gold-covered wooden chest with lid cover described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments

66
Q

Sacrifice

A

Sacrifice is the offering of food, objects or the lives of animals or humans to a higher purpose, in particular divine beings, as an act of propitiation or worship. While sacrifice often implies the ritual killing of an animal, the term offering can be used for bloodless sacrifices of food or artifacts.

67
Q

Decalogue

A

The Ten Commandments, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, The Ten Commandments appear twice in the Hebrew Bible: in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy.

68
Q

Apodictic Law

A

Apodictic law encompasses absolute general commands rendered from “on high” as “thou shall not’s”. The Ten Commandments are a prime example of apodictic law

69
Q

Causuistic Law

A

Casuistic law is based on precedents and is usually in the form of “if/then” conditional statements. Moral principles are applied to determine right and wrong in particular situations. Hammurabi Code is written in this format

70
Q

Monotheism

A

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

71
Q

Holiness Code (Lev. 17-26)

A

The Holiness Code is a term used in biblical criticism to refer to Leviticus chapters 17–26, and is so called due to its highly repeated use of the word Holy.

72
Q

Holiness Code (Lev. 17-26)

A

The Holiness Code is a term used in biblical criticism to refer to Leviticus chapters 17–26, and is so called due to its highly repeated use of the word Holy.

73
Q

Egypt

A

Biblical Egypt is ancient Egypt as it appears within the narrative of the Bible, especially the Torah (Pentateuch). Egypt plays a central role in the narrative of the Torah from Abraham to Moses and the Exodus.

74
Q

Assyrians

A

The Assyrians are a people who have lived in the Middle East since ancient times. The city had a god that was also called Assur or Ashur. The Assyrians were perhaps most famous for their fearsome army.

75
Q

Babylonians

A

The city of Babylon, whose ruins are located in present-day Iraq, small port town on the Euphrates River. It grew into one of the largest cities of the ancient world under the rule of Hammurabi.

76
Q

Canaanites

A

The Canaanites are mentioned often in the Hebrew Bible. The stories say that god promised to give the land of the Canaanites over to the Israelites after they escaped from Egypt.

77
Q

Hittites

A

They are adversaries of the Israelites and their god. According to Genesis 10, they were the descendants of Heth, son of Canaan, who was the son of Ham, born of Noah.

78
Q

Philistines

A

Enemies of the ancient Israelites, they were portrayed in the Bible as a crude and warlike race.

79
Q

Josiah

A

The King of Judah who, according to the Hebrew Bible, instituted major religious reforms. Established important Hebrew Scriptures during the “Deuteronomic reform” which probably occurred during his rule.

80
Q

Mountain of the Lord

A

The mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God

81
Q

Wilderness/Land

A

The term “wilderness” in The Bible means exactly what you think it means. It is an uninhabited, and inhospitable region.

82
Q

Balaam

A

Balaam is a diviner in the Torah whose story begins in. Every ancient reference to Balaam considers him a non-Israelite, a prophet.

83
Q

Manna

A

The substance miraculously supplied as food to the Israelites in the wilderness

84
Q

Snakes

A

The serpent was a symbol of evil power and chaos from the underworld as well as a symbol of fertility, life and healing.

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