OT falls - lecture 7 Flashcards
Role of OT
promoting health and well being through occupation (everything that people during the course of everyday)
OTs proffessional in 3 categories
self care, productivity, leisure
examples of ADL levels in LTC
eats without assistance (may use special devices), needs assistance opening cartons, need intermittent encouragement with or without physical assistance, constant encouragement, complete feeding, tube fed
Most common cause of injury for older adults?
falls
Number of nursing home admissions because of a fall?
40%
6th leading cause of death in older adults?
falls
Direct and indirect risk factors for falls?
biological, behavioural, environmental, social/economic
Gait
deviation from normal walking
Gait disturbances
parkinsons, alzheimers, hemiparesis, hemiparesis with neglect, peripheral neuropathy, cerbellar degeneration, degenerative arthritis
Vision problems
-many unaware of decreased visual, 25% have wrong corrective lens prescription, few self report having difficult taking meds
visual acuity
ability to see fine detail/ cairtiy of ones vision
contrast sensitivty
ability to discern shades of grey
stereopsis
ability to perceive depth
Signs and symptoms of vision problems
sitting close to TV, eyes not looking directly at you when talking, bad head posture whil reading, missing glass when pouring, searching for food on plate, not seeing food in the appropriate place on plate, closing an eye, constantly rubbing eyes, red eyes or eyelids
Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
Affects the macula (central area of retina), lose ability to see fine details
what increases AMD
age, UV light exposure, smoking, hereditary component as well
What slows progression of dry AMD?
vitamins and antioxidants
Dry AMD
most common form, small deposits beneath retina (blind spots), progresses slowly, irreversible
Wet AMD
rapid and severe vision loss, abnormal blood vessels under macula leak fluid and blood, causing blurred central vision, treatments available
Cataracts
opacity (cloudiness) of the lens of the eye, leading cause of reversible blindness
causes of cataracts?
age, trauma, sun exposure, DM, steroids, hypothyroidism, smoking
Glaucoma
group of diseases- intracular pressure, more fluid formed than leaves the eye, increased pressure damages retina, pressure damages optic nerve (blindness), various treatments depending on type
Non proliferative retinopathy
related with diabetes, symtoms: blurred vision, distortion or waviness
Proliferative retinopathy
abnormal growth of blood vessels in retina may rupture or cause retina to detach
Symptoms: floaters, shadows or curtains across your vision
Preventing eye disease- diabetes
control BG levels,regular eye exams
Preventing eye disease- diabetes
control BG levels,regular eye exams, monitor blood pressure, maintain a healthy diet
causing disease
oxidative stress and inflammation
prevention and treatment
phytochemicals, antioxidants, anti inflammatory properties
Mechanism of phytochemicals
phytochemicals can scavenge free radicals and upregulate expression of gluthione
Prevention of eye disease: F and V recommendations
2-3 daily servings of green leafy veg in addition to green tea, grapes and berries may be healthy choices for eye health
Restorative Dining objective
autonomy, self worth through independent, safe feeding,
results of restorative dining
greater sense of independence, better nutrition status, safer feeding, less demand on nursing a dietary staff during meals
dining issues caused by co morbidities
food textures/combos, dietary restrictions, appetite, co ordination, tremors/shaking, socializing, cognition, becoming fatigued
common denominator of feeding issues?
weight loss and/or malnutrition
2 approaches to restorative dining
adjusting the environment, restraining the client to either be independent or to maintain developed feeding skills
Restraining the client
positioning, simplify the task
Retraining the client
positioning, simplify the task
Multi-sensory cueing
combine verbal with gestures, demonstrations or physical prompts, repetition, practice, perseverance, be patient, address client by name,
Retraining the clinet
modeling or showing, guiding, steps for hand over hand assistance, modifying textures and consistencies
Assistive Feeding
seating position, proper cutlery, tell them what is on plate, tell them what you are giving them, only put a small amount on spoon
-DO NOT WIPE THEIR LIPS WITH SPOON