OT DEFINITIONS Flashcards
Flexion
Bending movement which decreases angle of joint and brings two surfaces closer together
Extension
Increase in joint angle or straightening action
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body
Circumduction
Movement in a cone shape e..g shoulder, head
Rotation (Internal and External)
Internal - movement towards the midline of the body. External - movement is lateral or away from the midline of the body
Pronation
Movement in forearm, palm facing down
Supination
Movement in forearm, palm facing up (holding soup)
Radial deviation
Sideways movement at wrist, towards the thumb
Ulnar deviation
Sideways movement at the wrist, towards the little finger
Plantar and Dorsi flexion
Movements at the ankle. Plantar - pointing toes to the floor. Dorsi - pulling foot and toes up towards the lower leg
Inversion and Eversion of foot
Inversion - sole of foot turning medially (in). Eversion - sole of foot turning laterally (out)
Semantic memory
Long-term memory. Processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience e.g. common knowledge
Agnosia
Loss of ability to recognise objects, faces, voices
Form constancy
Identify an object, shape, letter, number etc. when it is presented in a different way
Neuroplasticity
Ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganisation
Hemiparesis
Weakness of one side of the body
Ataxia
Group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech
Vestibular system
Parts of inner ear and brain that process sensory information involved with controlling balance and eye movements
Synovial joint
Joint found between bones that move against each other
Athetoid movement
Sluggish, writhing movement mainly in the fingers or face
Hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Hypertonia
Too much muscle tone so arms and legs are stuff and difficult to move
Grading
Used in activity analysis. Altering or amending a given method or sequence to complete a task
Stereognosis
Know what things/ objects feel like
Proprioception
Recognises positions of the body
Basal ganglia
Primary motor area which controls the muscles which will control the upper limb
Cerebellum
Supervises plans, controls balance and co-ordination
Paresis
Partial loss of movement or impaired movement, due to motor cortex damage
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing as a result of damage to CNS or muscles to the head and neck
Community care act
People with learning difficulties and mental health conditions to live in sheltered accommodation - assistance in their own homes
Habituation
Influence and importance of habits and routines contribute to our sense of well-being
Marmot report
Inequalities in health arise from inequalities in society in conditions in which people are born, live and work
Object permanence
Know that something is there without seeing it
Anatomical position
Stood up, head up, hands at side with palms facing down
Hinge joint
Move in flexion and extension only
Pivot joint
Rotational movement - radius pivots around the ulna bone for palm up
Reciprocal innervation
Ability to switch muscles on and off
Selective attention
Maintenance of response to an attentional set, choose what to focus on
Sustained attention
Maintenance of a specific response during a continuous/ repetitive activity
Divided attention
Dual task, equal priority is given to each task
Capacity
How well a patient can hold information in mind to process it
Metacognition
Knowing about what factors affect one’s ability to attend, organise, remember and problem solve
Executive functions
Mental functions necessary for formulating goals, planning how to achieve them and carrying out plans
Visual perception
Responsible for the reception and cognition of visual stimuli
Figure ground
Ability to recognise distinct shapes from their backgroun
Lateralisation
Establishing preference of one side of the brain for directing skilled motor function
PEOP model
Person- Environment- Occupational- Performance. Occupational performance is key. 3 components - person, environment and occupation
CMOP-E model
Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement. Promote client-centered practice and professions view that occupation is the core domain of concern
MOHO model
Model of Human Occupations. How humans generate and modify occupations in interaction with environment
SOAP notes
Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan. Form of documentation healthcare practitioners use - help use clinical reasoning
Hemiparesis
Weakness of one side of the body
Contralateral movement
Opposing movement of the hips and shoulders on both sides of the body
Dyspraxia
Development co-ordination disorder. Condition affecting physical co-ordination
Goniometer
Instrument that measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated
Glaucoma
Eye condition where the optic nerve which connects the eye to the brain becomes damaged
Dysarthia
Speech disorder in which muscles that are used to produce speech are damaged, paralysed or weakened
Hippocampus
Brain structure embedded in temporal lobe - role in learning and memory
Frontal lobe
Important for voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing executive functions
Parietal lobe
Primary cortical area for somatic sensation. Associated somatosensory visual and auditory activity
Occipital lobe
Visual processing area of the brain. Associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception
Temporal lobe
Associated with processing auditory information and encoding of memory
Broco’s area
Region of frontal love of the dominant hemisphere with functions linked to speech production
Wernicke’s area
Important for language development. Located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for the comprehension of speech
Praxis
Ability to conceptualise, organise and direct unfamiliar actions. Plan and execute motor skills
Ideomotor dyspraxia
Inability to carry out skilled movements when given a verbal demand
Ideational dyspraxia
Inability to carry out a hierarchical complex motor plan
