OT 202

Question 1

describe Josepha Camphina-Bacote’s 5 constructs of cultural competence

Answer 1

o Cultural Awareness: examination and exploration of one’s own cultural background.
o Cultural Knowledge: The process of seeking and obtaining educational foundation about diverse cultural groups.
o Cultural Skill: The ability to collect relevant data regarding the person’s problem in a healthcare setting.
o Cultural Encounters: Direct engagement with other cultures.
o Cultural Desire: Motivation to want to engage in the process in becoming culturally aware.

Question 2

• Concepts to know regarding culturally competent healthcare

Answer 2

o The concept of “face”: Self-esteem/ respecting people while communicate with them.
o The concept of space: Personal bubble
o The concept of time
o The concept of non-verbal communication
o The “explanatory model”: every person and every culture has explanation that caused their illness
o Intergenerational Issues

Question 3

Monochronic time:

Answer 3

• low context or individualistic culture. One thing at a time.

Question 4

• Polychronic time

Answer 4

Many things or events happen at one time. People take precedents over events or activities

Question 5

• Traditionalists

Answer 5

(born prior to 1946): they have been through depression, WW II, people are loyal, patriotic, fiscally frugal,

Question 6

• Baby Boomers

Answer 6

(born 1946-1964): Vietnam war, water gates, human rights movements, questioning authority, competitiveness

Question 7

• Generation X

Answer 7

(born 1965-1981): raised with computer, pop culture, AIDS scare, they are self reliant, resourceful and adaptable

Question 8

• Millennial Generation Y

Answer 8

(born 1982-2000): technological advancements, natural disasters, they have computer literacy, environmental awareness,

Question 9

• Socioeconomic factors

Answer 9

Education level: education can help a person view the world differently and contribute to society. Increase education = better life = better choices

2. Income and Occupation: we are often judged by our job.
3. Place of Residence: neighborhood, house etc
4. Culture/Ethnicity: help shape our thoughts, attitude and belief systems
5. Religion:

Question 10

types of social injustices

Answer 10

o Unequal distribution of wealth: fewer opportunities, less resources, decreased food/housing/education/employment.
o Racism: discrimination based on your race.
o Sexism: discrimination based on your gender.
o Discrimination against disabled, gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender.

Question 11

o Ethnocentrism

Answer 11

belief that your culture is better

Question 12

o Personalismo

Answer 12

a client or family member will ask you personal question

Question 13

o Somatization

Answer 13

person might report physical symptoms but they might actually have psychological disorder

Question 14

o Customs

Answer 14

pattern of behavior common for many members of particular group.

Question 15

o Traditions

Answer 15

inherited patterns or thoughts handed down through generations

Question 16

o Superstitions

Answer 16

actions and practices done due to fear of unknown

Question 17

o Bias

Answer 17

in favor of one thing over other

Question 18

o Prejudice

Answer 18

preconceived disliked not necessary based on experience

Question 19

o Stereotyping

Answer 19

belief that people who similar characteristics are the same

Question 20

multiple barriers influencing the utilization of healthcare

Answer 20

o Language, Religion, culture, Money, transportation, complexity or understanding of process

Question 21

primary characteristics of culture

Answer 21

the attributes that cannot be changed or if they are changed then it can cause a lot of problems. Ex: race, color, religion, gender

Question 22

secondary characteristics of culture

Answer 22

educational status, political beliefs, and physical characteristics.

Question 23

• What is culture shock?

Answer 23

o Stress experience when an individual cannot have their needs met.
o Have difficulty communicating
o Have difficulty making needs known
o Have difficulty understanding why “locals” are acting the way they are
o Have a sense of “loss” and “shock”

Question 24

6 Universal Aspects of Healthcare

Answer 24

o 1. Healthcare specialist will apply a name to the problem.
o 2. Qualities of the healthcare specialist are important.
o 3. Healthcare specialist must establish credibility through use of symbols of status that are familiar in the culture.
o 4. Healthcare specialist will place the client’s problem in a familiar framework.
o 5. Healthcare specialist will apply a set of techniques to bring relief to the client.
o 6. Interactions with healthcare specialists occur at a certain time or place.

Question 25

o Parochial Stage

Answer 25

narrow minded thinking, not acknowledging that other people exist.

Question 26

o Ethnocentric Stage

Answer 26

you are aware but my way is the best way

Question 27

o Synergistic Stage

Answer 27

aware of how other cultures are doing things and then chooses the best ways to do things

Question 28

o Participatory Stage

Answer 28

variety of different cultures together to make a new culture of shared meetings

Question 29

4 goals of managed care

Answer 29

To continue to provide some level of health care.

2. To stop the cost of health care rising exponentially.
3. To keep health care premiums low for employers.
4. To make money

Question 30

positive hanges that managed care did to therapy

Answer 30

• Therapists are forced to focus on the outcomes and function. This makes therapists more responsible for the patient’s outcome.
• It helped to streamline documentation and set standards that everyone must follow.

Question 31

negative changes that managed care did to therapy

Answer 31

• Decreased # of treatments.
• Decreased # of treatment days.
• Physicians/Gatekeepers/Case Managers decide what treatments the therapist can do and for how long.
• Private practices have difficulties getting large managed care contracts.
• Decreased reimbursement amounts.
• Capitation: In 2013 Medicare cap on therapy is $1900 for OT. PT and ST are that amount combined.

Question 32

types of Medicare fraud

Answer 32

o Medicare fraud occurs when a provider knowingly and willingly lies to get reimbursement.
• Making false claims for payment
• Making false statements for payment
• Billing for visits never made
• Billing for non face-to-face services
• Receiving kickbacks for goods and services
• Paying or receiving payment for patient referrals