Osteoporosis and Treatment

Question 1

75-80 % of total bone mass

Answer 1

Compact/cortical bone

Question 2

20 % of total bone mass

Answer 2

Cancellous/Spongy/Trabecular/Medullary Bone

Question 3

Major crystalline salt of bone

Answer 3

hydroxyapatite

Question 4

2 Primary Functions of bone remodeling

Answer 4

o Repair skeletal microdamage to maintain bone strength

o Supply serum Ca2+ coming from bone

Question 5

What is the effect of IL-1 & IL-6 on bone resorption?

Answer 5

Stimulates bone resorption

Question 6

What organs are the major effects of PTH mediated in?

Answer 6

kidneys and bone

Question 7

PTH increases osteoclast activity via upregulation of _________ and downregulation of ___________.

Answer 7

RANKL; OPG

Question 8

What age do your reach peak bone mass?

Answer 8

25 – 30y/o

Question 9

What are the three phases of bone formation & remodeling through the years?

Answer 9

Phase 1: GROWTH (<17yo)
Phase 2: CONSOLIDATION (18 – 35yo)
Phase 3: INVOLUTION (30 – 45yo)

Question 10

What is the definition of osteoporosis?

Answer 10

A systemic skeletal disease characterized by:

1. low bone mass
2. microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue

leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.

Question 11

What does binding of RANKL to RANK stimulate?

Answer 11

osteoclast formation, differentiation, and activation

Question 12

MOA of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)

Answer 12

inhibits the function of RANK by binding to RANKL

Question 13

Recommended in situations where central bone DXA is not available

Answer 13

Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA)

Question 14

Means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD)

Answer 14

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

Question 15

bone density of an individual compared with what is normally expected in a healthy young adult of a matched population

Answer 15

t-score

Question 16

number of standard deviations above or below what is normally expected for someone of your age, sex, weight, ethnic/racial origin

Answer 16

Z-Score

Question 17

Estrogen Therapy / Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) MOA

Answer 17

1. Inhibit production of osteoclasts from precursor cells

2. Promote osteoclast apoptosis

Question 18

Denosumab (DNB) MOA

Answer 18

RANK Ligand Inhibitor

Question 19

Biphosphonates MOA

Answer 19

Slow bone loss: induce apoptosis of osteoclasts

Question 20

Teriparatide MOA

Answer 20

upregulates osteoblast activity