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PHTH 564 - MSK > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

Trabeculae ____ are thin and narrow

A

rods

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2
Q

Trabeculae ______ are thick and flat

A

plates

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3
Q

Trabeculae is ____ affected by OP

A

most

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4
Q

In the ______ stage, osteoclasts break down and remove old bone

A

resorption

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5
Q

In the ______ stage, osteoblasts build new bone

A

formation

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6
Q

Peak bone mass occurs around age ___

A

30

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7
Q

4 determinants of peak bone mass?

A
  1. genetics
  2. hormones
  3. lifestyle
  4. nutrition
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8
Q

______ is a critically important time for bone building

A

puberty

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9
Q

____% of adult bone mineral is accrued in the 2 years around puberty

A

26

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10
Q

_______ is associated with a rapid decline in bone mass

A

menopause

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11
Q

Bone strength reflections the integration of which two main features?

A
  1. bone density

2. bone quality

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12
Q

A __score shows how much your bone density is higher or lower than the bone density of a healthy 30 year old.

A

T

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13
Q

A HCP looks at ___ T-sore to dx OP

A

lowest

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14
Q

A t-score of -__ or above is normal

A

1

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15
Q

A t-score between -__ and -__ means you have lower bone density or osteopenia

A

1;2.5

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16
Q

A t-score of -____ or below is a dx of OP

A

2.5

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17
Q

____ is a term reserved for men and premenopausal women

A

LBM/D

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18
Q

______ is reserved for postmenopausal women

A

osteopenia

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19
Q

Several studies have shown that many #’s occur in people with only moderately decreased BMD (T/F)

A

TRUE

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20
Q

1/3 of all postmenopausal #s occur in women with BMD that don’t categorize them as having OP (T/F)

A

FALSE ; 1/2!

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21
Q

Bone quality is related to _______ architecture

A

architecture

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22
Q

More trabecular ___ vs ____ = better quality

A

plates; rods

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23
Q

Currently there is no standard dx practice of assessing bone quality (T/F)

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Primary type 1 OP?

A

women post menopause

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25
Q

Primary type 2 OP?

A

people over 70 years of age,

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26
Q

Primary type 2 OP occurs _______ in men and women

A

equally

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27
Q

Secondary OP?

A

A result of other medical conditions or rx

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28
Q

Secondary OP affects more women than men (T/F)

A

FALSE (equally)

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29
Q

____% of hip #’s are result of OP

A

90

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30
Q

An individual with a hip # has a ___% risk of death in following year

A

25

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31
Q

______ # = # occurring spontaneously or from a minor trauma such as a fall from standing height or less

A

fragility

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32
Q

4 common OP # sites ?

A
  1. spine
  2. wrist
  3. hip
  4. humerus
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33
Q

OP consumes the most hospital beds (T/F)

A

TRUE

34
Q

OP has a greater impact on QOL than COPD, heart disease or diabetes (T/F)

A

TRUE

35
Q

Dx of OP?

A

DXA (assesses bone density)

36
Q

2 common # risk assessment tools?

A
  1. CAROC

2. FRAX

37
Q

CAROC uses age, sex and ___ BMD to ID preliminary # risk

A

hip

38
Q

DEXA scans give no info on bone _____

A

quality

39
Q

2 types of pharmaceuticals that may be prescribed to people with high risk of OP?

A
  1. antiresorptive agents

2. anabolic/bone formation agents

40
Q

OP meds can reduce #s by __ -__ % depending on medication, pt age and site of bone loss

A

30-70

41
Q

3 types of surgical rx?

A
  1. joint fixations
  2. joint replacements
  3. vertebral surgeries
42
Q

2 types of vertebral surgeries?

A
  1. vertebroplasty

2. kyphoplasty

43
Q

10 things to include in PT assessment of pt with OP?

A
  1. subjective hx
  2. height and weight
  3. posture
  4. breathing pattern
  5. movement patterns
  6. strenght
  7. flexibility
  8. aerobic capacity
  9. balance assessment
  10. functional assessment
44
Q

4 health and activity questionnaires you may use for subjective hx?

A
  1. OPAQ-PF
  2. BPAQ
  3. OFDQ
  4. COPA
45
Q

______ _____ loss = different between the tallest recalled heigh by the pt and the current measured height

A

historical height loss (HHL)

46
Q

Vertebral compression # is suspected if HHL is >__cm

A

6

47
Q

_____ _______ loss = difference between 2 measurements up to 3 years apart

A

prospective height

48
Q

Vertebral compression # is suspected if prospective height loss is > __ cm

A

2

49
Q

2 ways to measure cervicothoracic and / or lumbar deformities ?

A
  1. wall-occiput test > 0 cm

2. rib/pelvis different ≥ 2 fingerbreadths

50
Q

Looking at ____ ____ is also a good assessment tool for posture

A

plumb line

51
Q

3 things to assess for breathing?

A
  1. chest expansion
  2. breathing pattern
  3. IMT
52
Q

5 mms to focus on for strength/flexibility/special tests ?

A
  1. gastroc
  2. soleus
  3. pecs
  4. lat
  5. hip flexors
53
Q

2 ways to measure aerobics capacity in OP pts?

A
  1. adapted shuttle walking test

2. two minute step test

54
Q

4 OM to use for measuring balance in OP pts?

A
  1. one-leg stand test (b/w parallel bars)
  2. Tinetti balance assessment tool
  3. Berg balance
  4. Fullerton advance balance scale
55
Q

6 OM for functional assessment of OP pts?

A 
1. OP functional disability questionnatie 
(OFDQ)
2. Timed chair sit to stand 
3. Elderly mobility scale 
4. TUG 
5. Senior fitness test 
6. 20 m timed walk
56
Q

What 4 domains does the seniors fitness test include?

A
  1. upper and lower body strength
  2. aerobic endurance
  3. upper and lower body flexibility
  4. mobility
57
Q

Senior fitness test is standardized testing for performance standards from ___ - ___ years of age

A

60-94

58
Q

Osteogenesis is specific to the site of the _____

A

strain

59
Q

What type of exercise has the greatest potential to affect bone?

A

high impact

60
Q

____ loads and _____ patterns are more important than number of loading cycles

A

peak; novel

61
Q

Research suggests it takes ~ __ months to see results for exercise in pt’s with OP

A

9

62
Q

3 movements to focus on for strength / flexibility ?

A
  1. spinal extension and rotation
  2. hip flexion
  3. shoulder elevation
63
Q

Our primary concern is that they use movement strategies that don’t overload the ______ _____ _____ and put them at risk for VCF

A

anterior vertebral bodies

64
Q

When getting up/down from floor / bed, tell pts with OP to ____ on to their _____

A

roll; side

65
Q

How often each week for postural training?

A

5-10 mins daily

66
Q

Falls often associated with ____ perturbation

A

lateral

67
Q

Control of ____ stability/ _____ stepping is of particular importance for preventing #’s

A

lateralx2

68
Q

VCF = ___% asymptomatic

A

50

69
Q

___ of pt’s with VCF require treatment

A

1/3

70
Q

Treatment for VCF?

A

back extensor strengthening

71
Q

CIs/precautions post VCF?

A
  1. no external resistance exercise or manual therapy to the spine for 3 months post-VCF
  2. precaution/CI to many PT treatments, including general screen for OP
72
Q

Prescription parameters for back extension exercise post VCF?

A

hold for 5 s, 10s rest, 10 reps per set, 3-5 mins to complete, 1 set per day, 5x a week

73
Q

3 exercises for low risk fracture pts?

A

High impact WB exercises that include:

  1. acceleration / deceleration
  2. jumping
  3. variety
74
Q

3 examples of exercises for mod risk # pts?

A
  1. run
  2. hike
  3. circuit training
75
Q

No ____ sports for mod risk # OP pt.

A

contact

76
Q

3 exercise for high risk # OP pts?

A
  1. brisk walk
  2. swimming /pool exercise
  3. stair climbing
77
Q

Exercises to avoid for the spine for OP pts?

A
  1. flexion with resistance, rotation, side-bending and combinations
  2. high compressive forces
78
Q

Exercises to avoid for the hip for OP pts?

A
  1. forced rotation

2. mindful of surgeons orders

79
Q

For CV fitness, encourage exercises that have max bone _______ effect but are safer _____ risk zone

A

building; fracture

80
Q

Use ____ and ____ as targets for CV fitness

A

RPE; HR

81
Q

5 aspects of fall prevention?

A
  1. medication
    2 footwear
  2. awareness of postural hypotension
  3. consideration of vision deficits, multifocal glasses
  4. environment modification tp reduce tripping hazards
82
Q

Pharmaceuticals do a very good job of building bone ______ but exercise does a better job of building bone ______

A

density; quality

PHTH 564 - MSK (1 decks)

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