Osteoporosis Flashcards
What are 2 categories of primary osteoporosis? What type of bone do they affect?
- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: affects trabecular bone
2. Senile Osteoporosis: affects trabecular AND cortical bone
What is thought to be the cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Occurs as a reaction to the decrease in estrogen levels that occurs after menopause
What is thought to be the cause of senile osteoporosis?
An exaggeration of the bone loss that occurs normally with age
What is the cause of secondary osteoporosis?
Occurs as a result of a specific medically-related cause, such as a chronic medical condition or the use of certain drugs
List 10 risk factors of osteoporosis.
- female gender (males are also susceptible to osteoporosis)
- Asian or Caucasian race
- Age between 55-75 years, family history
- Early menopause
- Low weight during the age of peak bone mass
- Alcoholism
- History of smoking cigarettes
- Poor diet (lacking calcium, as well as consuming foods that deplete the body of calcium such as caffeine)
- Sedentary lifestyle, over-exercisers
- women who never gave birth, and women who gave birth to too many children
What is used to diagnose osteoporosis?
DXA scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
What T-score indicates a diagnosis of osteoporosis?
T-scores less than -2.5 (2.5 standard deviations below the mean)
T-scores of ___ represent the bone density of a 30 year old of similar sex and race/ethnicity
zero
What are 2 different recommendations for WB endurance exercises for osteoporosis?
- Weight bearing endurance exercise for 30 – 60 minutes 3 to 5 days per week and strength training 3 days per week
- Weight bearing endurance exercises for 15 – 60 minutes and strength training 2 to 3 days per week
