Osteoporosis Flashcards
Major Osteoporosis factors
Osteoporosis dx Decrease in height, rounding/humpback Trauma fx Family hx Menopause/hysterectomy before 45 or amenorrhea HRT Caucasion, asian Long-term restricted diet or yoyo dieting Smoking! Not enough sun! Not enough strength exercises!
Minor osteoporosis risk factors
Salt intake (urinary calcium) Smoking less than a pack a day Drinking High animal protein intake Packaged convenience food intake Carbonated soft drink intake High fiber intake (phytate) Low soy Lots of coffee Lots of stress Lots of antacids No birth control No pregnancies Vitamin A too much
Medical conditions or medications that increase osteoporosis risk
Corticosteroid, anti-convulsant, anti-coagulant, aluminum containing antacids, acid blockers, aromatase inhibitors, non-thiazide diuretic meds
Gastric sx or malabsorptive dz
RA, DM, Hyperthyroidism, cushings, endocrine disorders, alcoholism, kidney dz
Who should receive bone mineral density testing?
Women > 65, men 65, major risk favtors + menopause
Women and men
Good diet for reduction of osteoporosis
Adequate calories and protein Low sodium and caffeine Low salt, protein, high calcium (milk, yogurt, hard cheese, tofu made w/ calcium, chinese cabbage or greens, bok choy, kale) Alkaline ash diet Strength exercise Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol DON'T YOYO DIET
3 reasons lots of soda = increase osteoporosis risk
High sodium, caffeine, phosphoric acid
Better dairy products
Low in salt and protein, high in calcium = milk/yogurt
Poor choices for dairy products
High in salt and protein, low calcium = cottage cheese, american cheese
Calcium carbonate
Most concentrated andmost cost effective! Must take with meals for good absorption.
EG. OSCAL
Calcium citrate
Patienst with kidney stone risk. Take with meals
EG. CITRICAL
Calcium citrate-malate and microcrystalline hydroxyapatite
Diagnosed osteoporosis and fractures
Vitamin D does whatc
Calcium absorption Improves neuromuscular function Reduces falls Deficiency = muscle weakness \+ calcium = increased bone density, prevents fractures in postmenopausal women and elderly men
What should you take with vitamin D to inpmrove effectiveness?
Calcium!
Besides calcium, what else helps to reduce bone loss?
K, Copper, Magnesium, manganese, zinc!
KCMMZ
Ipriflavone, why controversial?
Synthetic isoflavone
Revereses bone loss + calcium
Only use for very bad osteoporosis patients
Reported low WBC as side effect
vitamin K in bone formation?
What metabolite in blood = indicator of inadequate vitamin K status?
Decreases urinary calcium loss in postmenopausal women.
Under-carboxylated osteoclaci in blodo = increased fracture risk
K1
Reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin, improves bone density
Reduces bone loss
5000 mcg/day reduced risk by more than 50%
K2
Megadose therapy study in japan = increased bone density, reduced fracture risk
