Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is Osteoporosis?
Bone density reduction condition
What is Osteopenia?
Less severe reduction in bone density than osteoporosis
What are the RF for Osteoporosis? (12 things)
- Older age
- Female
- Post-menopausal
- Reduced mobility + activity
- Low BMI (less than 18.5)
- RA
- Alcohol + smoking
- Long term corticosteroids
- SSRI
- PPI
- Anti-epileptics
- Anti-oestrogens
Why are Post menopausal women more likely to have Osteoporosis? (2 steps)
- They lack oestrogen
- Oestrogen is protective vs Osteoporosis
What investigations can you do for sus Osteoporosis? (2 things)
- FRAX tool (1st step)
- DEXA scan
What is the FRAX tool give a prediction of?
Risk of fragility # over nxt 10 yrs
What do you input into the FRAX tool to get the prediction? (7 things)
- Age
- BMI
- Co-morbs
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- FHx
- Bone mineral density (from DEXA) (optional)
What measurement does the DEXA scan give you?
Bone mineral density (BMD)
What does WHO say about DEXA scan scores and Dx? (4 things)
- More than -1 = NORMAL
- -1 to -2.5 = Osteopenia
- Less than -2.5 = Osteoporosis
- Less than -2.5 + # = Severe Osteoporosis
What are the CONSERVATIVE Mx options for predicted Osteoporosis? (4 things)
- Exercise
- Adeq calcium intake
- Adeq vit D intake
- X smoking / alcohol
What are the MEDICAL Mx options for Osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates (FIRST LINE)
How do Bisphosphonates work?
Reduce Osteoclast activity –> prevent bone reabsorption
What are the Side Fx of Bisphosphonates? (4 things)
- Reflux + Oesophageal erosions
- Atypical fractures
- Osteonecrosis of jaw
- Osteonecrosis of External Auditory Canal
How do you reduce the Side effect of Reflux + Oesophageal erosions w Bisphosphonates?
Take on empty stomach + sit upright for 30 mins before moving / eating
What are examples of Bisphosphonates? (3 things)
- Alendronic acid (once weekly)
- Risedronic acid (once weekly)
- Zoledronic acid (once yearly)
