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OPP 4 FINAL TEST EVER > Osteopathic considerations in the neuro patient > Flashcards

Osteopathic considerations in the neuro patient Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Nervous System

A
  • CNS: Brain and Spinal cord
  • PNS: Motor and sensory
  • ANS: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
  • Enteric: Small and Large intestine
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2
Q

The Prosencephalon becomes?

A
  1. Telencephalon –> cerebral hemispheres, Hippocampal formation , BG
  2. Diencephalon –> Thalamus/Hypothalamus/Subthalamus
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3
Q

The Mesencephalon becomes?

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

The Rhombencephalon becomes?

A
  1. Metencephalon –> Cerebellum, pons

2. Myelencephalon –> Medulla

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5
Q

Lateral Ventricle

A
  • Bilateral

- connect to 3rd by Foramen of Monro

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6
Q

Third Ventricle

A
  • Intrathalamic adhesion

- Connect to 4th by Aqueduct of Sylvius

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7
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A
  • Midline Foramen of Magendie - Bilateral Foramen of Luschka
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8
Q

Components of a Neuro Exam? 7

A
  • Mental Status
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Motor
  • Sensory Reflexes
  • Cerebellar Function
  • Special Tests
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9
Q

Mental Status Exam Psych aspects? 11

A
  • Appearance,
  • Behavior,
  • Attitude,
  • Mood,
  • Affect,
  • Speech,
  • Thought/thought process
  • Content,
  • Perception,
  • Judgment,
  • Insight
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10
Q

Mental status Exam Neurological aspects? 6

A
  • Attention & Concentration
  • Language
  • Memory (Short & Long Term)
  • Calculation
  • Abstraction
  • Praxis
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11
Q

Mini Mental State Examination

A
  • screens for dementia

-

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12
Q

Anatomy:

Olfactory Nerve?

A

Cribiform plate (ethmoid bone)

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13
Q

Anatomy:

Optic Nerve?

A

Optic Canal (sphenoid)

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14
Q

Anatomy:

What passes through the superior orbital fissure? What bone is it found in?

A
  • CN III, IV, VI, and Ophthalmic division of V

- sphenoid

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15
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary division of CN V

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16
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular Division of CN V

17
Q

What passes through the internal auditory meatus? What bone is this found in?

A
  • CN VII, VIII

- Temporal

18
Q

What passes through the Jugular Foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

19
Q

What passes through the Hypoglossal Canal? Course of canal and what does this nerve meet up wit?

A
  • CN XII
  • in the occipital bone: the canal goes around the foramen magnum, through the occipital condyles allowing CN XII to meet up with C1 nerve
20
Q

Motor Components of the nervous system

A
  • Anterior to Central Sulcus, Precentral Gyrus (Motor Cortex)
  • Anterior spinal cord (Corticospinal Tract)
21
Q

General Assessment of Motor Component

A
  • Assess muscle tone
  • Assess strength (5/5)
  • Observe for Fasciculations, Dystonias, Chorea, Ballismus
22
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract originate and decussate?

A

Origin: Motor cortex

Dec: Medulla

23
Q

What are the 3 components of the sensory portion and what to they include?

A
  1. Exteroceptive: External environment
  2. Interoceptive: Blood Pressure, Chemical gradients
  3. Proprioceptive: Orientation, position in space of the body
24
Q

Primary Modalities of the Sensory System? What information do they carry? Where do they decussate?
Where do they converge?

A
  1. Posterior Columns: Light Touch, Proprioception and Vibration; Dec: medulla
  2. Spinothalamic Tracts (Ant & Lat): Pain (Itch/Tickle) and Temperature: Dec: the spinal cord level
  3. Both converge on Ventral Posterior Thalamus
25
Q

What are the Secondary/Cortical Modalities of the Sensory System? What do they require?

A
  • 2 Point Discrimination
  • Stereognosis
  • Graphesthesia
  • Tactile Localization
  • Requires Parietal Cortex
26
Q

Reflexes of the Nervous System

A
  • UE
  • LE
  • Primitive: rooting, glabellar, grasp
27
Q

Testing Cerebellar Function?

A
  • gait
  • Rapidly alternating movements
  • finger to nose
  • heel to shin
28
Q

What is Disdiadokokinesis?

A

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements

29
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

inability to perform coordinated movements (failed finger to nose or heel to shin)

30
Q

Special tests? what do the test for?

A
  1. Babinski (plantar) - upper motor neuron impairment
  2. Hoffman’s Test (UE equivalent for Babinski) - tapping the nail on the third or forth finger. A positive Hoffman’s is the involuntary flexing of the end of the thumb and index finger
  3. Hoover’s (Malingering)
31
Q

Concept of Somatic Dysfunction in Neurology

A
  1. Based on Segmental Facilitation
    • Motor neuron pools in spinal cord segments related to areas of somatic dysfunction were maintained in a state of facilitation.
    • Chronically hyperresponsive to impulses from any source in the body (proprioceptive/nociceptive)
    • Maintain hypertonic muscles innervated by these segments
  3. Spinal cord is an organizer and active participant in the disease process
32
Q

Axoplasmic Flow: Direction? Impaired by?

A
  • Bidirectional: Anterograde/Retrograde
  • Impaired by:
    1. Primary Disease of the Neuron
    2. Mechanical deformation of nerve (entrapment, stretch)
33
Q

How does Somatic Dysfunction in Neurology effect the Patients response to OMT?

A

Neuroendocrine mechanisms Affect/Emotions MSK

34
Q

Sustained Patterns of excitability results in?

Increased Afferent result in?

A
  1. Learned Behavior

2. Somatic/Sympathetic Efferent of Facilitated segment

OPP 4 FINAL TEST EVER (12 decks)

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