Osteology of the Leg

Question 1

What is the second longest and second strongest bone in the human body?

Answer 1

The tibia.

Question 2

How does the tibia in the male differ from the female?

Answer 2

In the male the tibia remains vertical.

In the female the distal tibia deviates medially compared to the proximal end.

Question 3

The superior surface of the tibia is known as the…

Answer 3

Known as the tibial plateau

Question 4

The inferior surface of the tibia is known as the….

Answer 4

Tibial plafond

Question 5

Which segment of the tibial plateau actually articulates with the femur?

Answer 5

The central portions of the tibial condyles.

Question 6

The … and …. overly the peripheral portions of the tibial condyles.

Answer 6

The medial and lateral meniscus.

Question 7

Which condyle is largest?

Answer 7

the medial condyle of the tibia is larger than the lateral.

Question 8

Why is the medial surface of the medial condyle roughened?

Answer 8

Attachment of the tibial (medial) collateral ligament.

Question 9

What are the three areas of the intercondular area of the proximal portion of the tibial plateau?

Answer 9

Anterior intercondylar fossa
Intercondylar eminence
Posterior intercondylar fossa.

Question 10

Name the three structures attached to the anterior intercondylar fossa from anterior to posterior

Answer 10

Anterior horn of medial meniscus

Anterior cruciate ligament

Anterior horn of the lateral meniscus.

Question 11

From anterior to posterior, list the three structures attached to the posterior intercondylar fossa.

Answer 11

Posterior horn of lateral meniscus

Posterior horn of medial meniscus

Posterior cruciate ligament.

Question 12

What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 12

The patellar tendon

“Tendon of the Quadriceps femoris”

Question 13

How does the tibial tuberosity project in space?

Answer 13

The tibial tuberosity is traingular with its apex pointing inferiorly.

Question 14

what shape is the fibular facet?

Answer 14

The fibular facet is oval shaped

Question 15

Which side of the tibial condyle is the fibular facet found in?

Answer 15

Found within the posterolateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle.

Question 16

What are the three borders of the tibial shaft?

Answer 16

Anterior
Medial
Lateral

Question 17

What are the three surfaces of the tibial shaft?

Answer 17

Posterior
Medial
Lateral

Question 18

which four structures are attached to the medial surface of the tibia?

Answer 18

Tibial collateral ligament
Popliteus
Soleus
FDL

Question 19

What is another name for the lateral border of the tibial shaft?

Answer 19

The interosseous crest (interosseous membrane attaches to this border)

Question 20

Which ridge forms the anterior and posterior borders of the fibular notch?

Answer 20

The lateral border of the tibial shaft aka the interosseous crest.

Question 21

Which two borders bound the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia?

Answer 21

The anterior and medial borders.

Question 22

From superior to inferior, which muscles and tendons cover the medial surface of the tibia?

Answer 22

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Forming the Pes ansirinus

Question 23

What makes up the Pes ansirinus?

Answer 23

“SGT”
Sartorius
Gracillis
Semitendinosus

Question 24

what is the only muscular attachment to the lateral surface of the tibia?

Answer 24

The tibialis anterior making up 2/3 of the upper half.

Question 25

From medial to lateral which tendons cross the distal portion of the lateral surface of the tibia?

Answer 25

Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius

Question 26

Describe the position of the soleal line

Answer 26

Oblique ridge extending superolateral to inferomedial along the superior portion of the posterior surface of the tibial shaft.

Question 27

Which muscle partially originates from the soleal line?

Answer 27

The soleus!

Question 28

Which muscle originates laterally to the vertical line?

Answer 28

The tibialis posterior

Question 29

Which muscle originates medially to the vertical line?

Answer 29

Flexor digitorum longus

Question 30

With respect to the vertical line, where does the nutrient foramen lye?

Answer 30

It is found more lateral to the vertical line just distal to the soleal line.

Question 31

Which two tendons cover the distal portion of the posterior surface of the tibial shaft?

Answer 31

The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus.

Question 32

What are the five surfaces of the distal extremity of the tibia?

Answer 32

``` Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial Inferior ```

Question 33

The anterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia is continuous with the .... superiorly

Answer 33

Posterior surface of the tibial shaft superiorly.

Question 34

The anterior surface of the distal extemity of the tibia is continuous with the ... inferiorly

Answer 34

continuous with the posterior aspect of the medial malleolus

Question 35

The tendons of which two muscles groove the distal posterior surface of the tibia?

Answer 35

tibialis posterior | flexor hallucis longus

Question 36

what is the shape of the tibial plafond?

Answer 36

Quadrilateral in shape.

Question 37

What is the malleolar sulcas?

Answer 37

This is a sulcus found posterioly along the medial malleolus for the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus.