Osteology Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
The Bregma is the joining of sutures of which calvaria?
Frontal bone and the two parietal bones
The lambda is the joining of which sutures of the calvaria?
The occipital bones and parietal bones
Why do neonates have fontanelles?
When do each usually ossify?
Fontanelles allow alteration of skull shape and size, permitting growth
Anterior fontanelle - 18 months - 2 years
Posterior fontanelle - 1 - 3 months
What is the clinical relevance of the anterior fontanelle?
Inspection can be used to asses intracranial pressure and hydration status (bulging or sunken)
What arrangement does the bone of the calvaria have?
Trilaminar arrangement
Diploe (spongy bone) with a layer of compact bone on either side (inner and outer tables).
Which bone has the sella turcica which (Turkish saddle) that houses the pituitary gland?
Sphenoid bone
Which part of the temporal bone houses the cochlea and vestibulocochlear nerve?
Petrous bone
What types of skull fracture are there?
Linear
Comminuted
- depressed
- non depressed
What is the clinical relevance of the pterion?
It is the thinnest and weakest part of the skull and as such is often fractured during trauma
What signs indicate anterior basilar fracture?
Periorbital eccyhmosis (raccoon eyes) CSF rhinorrhea
What signs indicate middle basilar fracture?
Battles sign (bruising behind ears)
Haemotympanum (blood in eardrum)
Blood or csf leak from ear
Indicates Petrous bone has fractured
Which facial bones commonly fracture?
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone and arch
Mandible
Which nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint?
Auriculotemporal nerve
Branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V
What movement occurs at the superior joint capsule of the TMJ?
What about at the inferior joint capsule?
Gliding movement (retraction/protraction)
Rotation
What causes dislocation of the TMJ?
Anterior displacement of the condyle over the articular tubercle
