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2. Anatomy > Osteology + H&N > Flashcards

Osteology + H&N Flashcards

1
Q

Flat bones

A

Formed by intramembranous ossification.

E.g

Vomer, ethmoid, frontal, parietal, occipital, nasal, lacrimal

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2
Q

Irregular bones

A

Formed by endochondral ossification

E.g.

Inferior nasal concha, palatine, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid

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3
Q

Pneumatised bones

A

Bones with air spaces/sinuses. Reduce weight and add resonance to our voice

E.g.

Frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

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4
Q

Neurocranium

A

Bony case of the brain meninges with roof (calvaria) and floor (cranial base)

Frontal
Parietal x2
Occipital
Sphenoid
Temporal x2
Ethmoid

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5
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Anterior part of cranium, consists of bones surrounding the oral cavity and most of orbit.

Ethmoid
Lacrimal x2
Nasal x2
Inferior nasal concha x2
Mandible
Maxilla x2
Zygomatic x2
Palatine x2
Vomer

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6
Q

Important features in neurocranium

A

External acoustic meatus
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Temporal fossa

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7
Q

Important features in viscerocranium

A

Zygomatic arch
Mandible
Infratemporal fossa

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8
Q

Temporal fossa

A

Superior and posterior borders:
Superior and inferior temporal lines

Anterior border: frontal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of frontal bone

Inferiorly: infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone (deep to zygomatic arch)

Floor: pterion

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9
Q

Pterion

A

H-shaped junction where frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone meet.

Structurally weak, thin area.

Overlies anterior branch of middle meningeal artery

Vulnerable to injury -> blows to side of head can lead to extra dural haemmorhage

4cm superior to midpoint if zygomatic arch and 3cm posterior to frontal process of zygomatic bone.

Posterior to the pterion is the middle meningeal artery.

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10
Q

Nasion

A

Point of articulation between the 2 nasal bones and frontal bone

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11
Q

Inion

A

Central point of external occipital protuberance

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12
Q

Bregma

A

Junction of Sagittal and coronal suture

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13
Q

Lambda

A

Junction of saggital and lambdoid suture

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14
Q

Asterion

A

Junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid and occipitomastoid sutures

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15
Q

Glabella

A

Above nasion, between eyebrows

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16
Q

Vertex

A

Highest point of skull, midway across sagittal suture

17
Q

Infratemporal fossa

A

Anterior: posterior border of maxillary sinus

Posterior: carotid sheath

Roof: greater wing of sphenoid

Laterally: condylar process of mandible and ramus

Floor: medial pterygoid

18
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa

A

Extends from Infratemporal fossa to nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen.

Contents: maxillary nerve, pterygopalatine ganglion

Sphenopalatine foramen - medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa

Pterygomaxillary fissure - leads to pterygopalatine fossa

19
Q

Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate

A

Axons of olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves

20
Q

Optic canals

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries

21
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Ophthalmic nerve and veins

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducent

22
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve

23
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

24
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Meningeal branch on CN V3

25
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Deep petrosal nerve

Some meningeal arterial branches

26
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Medulla and meninges

Vertebral arteries

CN XI (accessory nerve)

Dural veins

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

27
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

IJV superior bulb

Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

Meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

28
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

29
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Maxillary nerve

30
Q

Altanto-occipital joint

A

Condyloid joint

Allows flexion and extension (nodding)

31
Q

Lateral atlanto-axial joint and pivot joint of dens

A

Allows for rotation of head (side to side movement)

Assisted by transverse ligament of atlas as it holds dense in place avoiding dislocation

32
Q

Alar ligaments

A

Prevents excessive rotation of head and neck

Connect dens to occipital condyles

2. Anatomy (8 decks)

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