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Forensic Anthropology (Year One) > Osteology exam 2 > Flashcards

Osteology exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mandible body (corpus or horizontal ramus)

A

Thick bony part that anchors teeth

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2
Q

Mental foramen

A

On lateral corpus surface. Transmits mental vessels and nerve.

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3
Q

Oblique line

A

Weak eminence that passes from root of ramus to area at rear of mental foramen.

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4
Q

Extramotor sulcus

A

Gutter between root of anterior edge of ramus and lateral alveolar margin of last molar. Gives rise to buccinator muscle of cheek.

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5
Q

Mylohyoid line

A

Crosses medial surface of corpus, begining near alveolar margin at last molar position and diminishing as it runs anteroinferiorly. Attachment site for mylohyoid muscle which elevates tongue.

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6
Q

Submandibular fossa

A

Hollow beneath alveolar portion that runs along medial corpus. Inferior to mylohyoid line. Submandibular gland rests here.

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7
Q

Sublingual fossa

A

Hollowing beneath alveolar region, superior to mylohyoid line in premolar region. Sublingual gland rests here.

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8
Q

Mandibular torus

A

Variably developed thickening of alveolar margin.

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9
Q

Mandibular symphisis

A

Midline surfaces of unfused halves.

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10
Q

Mental spines

A

Lie near inferior margin of inner surface of anterior corpus. Anchor genioglossal and geniohyoid muscles.

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11
Q

Digastric fossae

A

Pair of roughened depressions on posteroinferior aspect of corpus adjacent to midline. Attachment sites for digastric muscles.

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12
Q

Mental protuberance (eminence)

A

Bony chin at base of corpus. Separated from alveolar margins of incisors by pronounced incurvation.

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13
Q

Ramus

A

Thinner than corpus. Articulates with cranial base.

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14
Q

Mandibular condyle

A

On posterosuperior corner of ramus. Articulates with TMJ.

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15
Q

Condylar neck

A

Justt anteroinferior to condyle. Head of lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to anteromedial surface of neck just below articular surface of confdyle in pterygoid fovea.

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16
Q

Coronoid processes

A

Thin and triangular. Recieve insertion of temporalis muscle.

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17
Q

Mandibular notch (incursura)

A

Notch between condyle and coronoid process.

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18
Q

Angle (gonial angle)

A

Rounded posteroinferior corner of mandible.

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19
Q

Masseteric tuberosity

A

Raised, roughened area at lateral edge of gonial angle where masseter muscle attaches.

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20
Q

Masseteric fossa

A

Hollowing on lateral surface of gonial angle.

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21
Q

Endocoronoid ridge (buttress)

A

Vertical ridge extending inferiorly from coronoid tip on inner (medial) aspect of ramus.

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22
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Enters bone obliquely, centred in medial surface of ramus. Alveolar vessels and inferior alveolar nerve enter bone here.

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23
Q

Lingula

A

Sharp projection at edge of mandibular foramen. Attachment point for sphenomandibular ligament.

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24
Q

Mylohyoid groove

A

Crosses medial surface of ramus, running anteroinferiorly from edge of mandibular foramen. Lodges mylohyoid vessels and nerve.

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25
Q

Pterygoid tuberosities

A

Interrupt medial surface of gonial angle posteroinferior to mylohyoid groove. Mark insertion of medial pterygoid muscle, an elevator of the mandible.

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26
Q

Body of sphenoid

A

Midline. Most substantial part. Anterior surface forms superoposterior wall of nasal cavity and articulates with cribriform plate and perpendicular plate of ethmoid. Posteriorly articulates with occipital at sphenooccipital suture. Anteroinferiorly articulates with vomer.

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27
Q

Optic canals

A

Either side of body of sphenoid. Optic never and opthalmic artery pass through.

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28
Q

Sella turcica

A

Saddle-shaped depression on endocranial surface of sphenoid. Located endocranially,posterior and inferior to optic canals.

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29
Q

Hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

A

Deepest depression of sella. Hold pituitary gland.

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30
Q

Dorsum sellae

A

Square plate of bone that forms posterior boundary of sella turcica.

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31
Q

Posterior clinoid process

A

Two highly variable tubercles at superolateral corners of dorsum sellae.

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32
Q

Clivus

A

Slight endocranial hollow that slopes posteriorly from dorsum sellae toward sphenooccipital suture.

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33
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses

A

Paired hollows in body

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34
Q

Sphenoidal rostrum

A

Midline bony projection on anteroinferior surface of body. Fits into fissure between alae of vomer.

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35
Q

Sphenoidal crest

A

Continuous with rostrum, extending superiorly from it on anterior surface of body. Articulates with perpendicular plate of ethmoid and forms part of septum.

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36
Q

Greater wings

A

Extend laterally from body. Articulate with temporals, parietals, frontal, zygomatics and maxillae.

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37
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A

Open spaces between inferior surfaces of lesser wings and anterior surfaces of greater wings.

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38
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Most anterior and medial part of the middle cranial fossae at junction of greater wings and body. Transmit maxillary nerves.

39
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Located posterior to foramen rotundum on each side, approx in line with dorsum sellae. Transmit mandibular nerves and accessory meningeal arteries.

40
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

On each greater wing just posterolateral to foramen ovale. Transmit middle meningeal vessels and branches from mandibular nerves.

41
Q

Infratemporal crests

A

Form base of temporal fossae at about level of zygomatic arches.

42
Q

Orbital surfaces

A

Form lateral wall of each orbit. V. smooth and flat compared to endocranial surfaces.

43
Q

Lesser wings

A

Partially floor right and left frontal lobes. Arise from superior surface of body and articulate with horizontal orbital plates of frontal.

44
Q

Anterior clinoid procesesses

A

Posteriormost projections of lesser wings. Attachment for tentorium cerebelli, a segment of dura mater separating cerebellum from occipital part of cerebral hemispheres of brain.

45
Q

Pterygoid processes

A

Divided into 2 plates. Visible on from side or below cranium.

46
Q

Lateral pterygoid plate (lamina)

A

Thin vertical plate of bone seen in lateral view.

47
Q

Medial pterygoid plate (lamina)

A

Thin vertical plate of bone. Each pair of pterygoid plates articulates with palatines. These 4 thin projections provide attachment for medial pterygoid muscles, mandibular elevators.

48
Q

Pterygoid fossae

A

Hollows between medial and lateral pterygoid plates

49
Q

Pterygoid hamulus

A

Hook-like process forming the posterolateral, basal corner of each medial pterygoidal plate.

50
Q

Pterygoid canals

A

Perforate the bone above the pterygoid plates and run along base of plates.

51
Q

Frontal process

A

Rises vertically and separates orbit from temporal fossa.

52
Q

Temporal process

A

Extends posteriorly, joining zygomatic process of temporal bonetemporal bone to form zygomatic arch.

53
Q

Maxillary process

A

Extends toward midline, forming inferolateral orbital margin.

54
Q

Zygomaticofacial foramen

A

Perforates convex lateral surface of zygomatic. Allows passage of zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels.

55
Q

Masseteric origin

A

Roughened, expanded inferior edge of bone, extends from zygomaticomaxillary to temporozygomatic suture. Main attachment for masseter muscle, a major elevator of mandible.

56
Q

Zygomaticoorbital foramina

A

Perforate inferolateral corner of orbital cavity for passage of the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves.

57
Q

Zygomaticotemporal foramen

A

Centered on temporal surface of of zygomatic. Transmits zygomaticotemporal nerve.

58
Q

Nasal foramen

A

Perforates facial and transmits a vein

59
Q

Posterior lacrimal crest

A

Vertical crest on medial orbital wall that bounds posterior half of lacrimal groove.

60
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Roofs nasal cavities and looks like a sieve due to foramina. Olfactory nerves perforate this plate as they pass up to the brain from mucous lining of nose.

61
Q

Crista galli

A

Perpendicular projection of cribriform plate of ethmoid into endocranial cavity. Interposed between olfactory bulbs and posterior surface anchors falx cerebri, a fold of dura mater extending to between the hemispheres.

62
Q

Labyrinths or lateral masses

A

Lie either side of midline. The lateral plates form most of the medial orbital walls, and the medial plates form the upper walls of the nasal cavity.

63
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

A flattened lamina placed at midline between the lateral masses. Forms part of nasal septum and articulates inferiorly with vomer.

64
Q

Vomer alae

A

Either side of deep midline furrow on superior surface

65
Q

Perpendicular plate of vomer

A

Thin vertical sheet of bone on midline below wings

66
Q

Posterior border

A

Divides posterior nasal aperture into two halves.

67
Q

Nasopalatine grooves.

A

Lodge nasopalatine nerves and vessels, marking both sides of perpendicular plate.

68
Q

Horizontal plate

A

Forms posterior third of hard palate

69
Q

Greater palatine foramen

A

Perforates rear corner of hard palate and is formed as the alveolar process of the maxilla meets the horizontal plate of palatine. Transmits greater palatine vessels and nerve.

70
Q

Pterygopalatine canal

A

2 halves. Sweep posterosuperiorly when maxilla and perpendicular plate of palatine are disarticulated.

71
Q

Posterior nasal spine

A

Located on superior surface of horizontal plate.

72
Q

Lesser palatine foramina

A

For transmission of lesser palatine nerves, located on posterolateral corner of hard palate posterior to greater palatine foramina, near junction of perpendicular and horizontal plates.

73
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Appressed tightly to posteromedial wall of maxilla opposite maxillary sinus, between pterygoid plates of sphenoid and posterior margin of alveolar process of maxilla.

74
Q

Pyramidal process

A

Posterior border of perpendicular plate (the thickest border)

75
Q

Conchal crest

A

Almost halfway perpendicular plate on medial surface. For articulation with inferior nasal conchae.

76
Q

Alveolar process

A

Horizontal portion of maxilla that holds tooth roots

77
Q

Alveoli

A

For tooth roots, present along alveolar process unless resorbed

78
Q

Canine jugum

A

Bony eminence over maxillary canine root on facial surface of maxlila.

79
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Forms much of cheek

80
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Below inferior orbital rim on facial surface and transmits infraorbital nerve and vessels to face.

81
Q

Canine fossa

A

Hollow on facial surface just below infraorbital foramen where zygomatic, frontal and alveolar processes meet.

82
Q

Anterior nasal spine

A

Thin projection of bone on midline at inferior margin of nasal aperture.

83
Q

Infraorbital sulcus

A

Centred on posterior half of orbital floor. Connects anteroinferiorly with infraorbital foramen via infraorbital canal.

84
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Large void in body of maxilla superior to alveolar process and inferior to orbital floor.

85
Q

Frontal process

A

Rises to articulate with frontal, asals, lacrimals and ethmoid.

86
Q

Anterior lacrimal crest

A

Vertical crest on lateral aspect of frontal process of maxilla. Maxilla combines with lacrimal bone to form lacrimal groove and canal.

87
Q

Palatine process

A

Forms anterior 2 thirds of hard palate and floor of nasal cavity.

88
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Perforates anterior hard palate at midline.

89
Q

Incisive canal

A

Each lobe of canal transmits the terminal branch of the greater palatine artery and the nasopatine nerve

90
Q

Premaxillary suture

A

Sometimes seen in wall of incisive canal and on adjacent palatal surface.

91
Q

Greater palatine groove

A

At rear of hard palate marks junction of palatine and alveolar processes. For greater palatine vessels and nerve.

92
Q

Maxillary tuber

A

Rugose surface at posterior end of alveolar process.

93
Q

Nasoalveolar clivus

A

Surface between canine jugae, the base of the piriform aperture and the alveolar margin.

Forensic Anthropology (Year One) (3 decks)

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