Osteology Exam Flashcards
supraorbital tori
Brow ridge on the frontal bone
mastoid process
Body landmark behind the ear, on the temporal bone
Mandibular fossa
Depression within the mandible
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Toward the back
Proximal
Towards point of insetion
Distal
Away from point of insetion
Superior
Above or higher than
Inferior
Below or lower than
Medial
Towards the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Dorsal
Back (on quadrupeds)
Ventral
Front (on quadrupeds)
Cranial
Head or towards the head (On quadrupeds)
External auditory meatus
Ear canal
Zygomatic arch
Arch between zygomatic and temporal bones
Occipital condyles
Projections above the foramen magnum
Foramen magnum
Big hole where the spine goes in
External occipital protuberance
Ridge along the back of the skull
Nuchal lines
Lateral lines along the back of the skull on the occipital bone (Where neck muscles connect?)
Sphenoid
Bone above zygomatic arch seen. on the lateral view
Parietal eminence
Bump on head
Maxila
Upper jaw
Mandible
Lower jaw
Mentum
Bump of the chin
Palatine
Bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits
Nasal
Nose bones
Dental arcade
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars (on each half)
Eye orbit
Eye socket area
Nasal aperture
Opening inferior to the nasal bones
Coronal suture
The lateral suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull. Where a crown would sit
saggital suture
Separates the left and right parietal bone, medial…hair parting
squamous suture
Between parietal and temporal bones. Lateral along the side of the head.
lambdoid suture
Between parietal bones and occipital bone. Lateral along the back
intermaxilary suture
Ridge along the roof of the mouth
interpalatine suture
Suture around the soft palette
clavical
Collarbone, acromial side connects to the acromion on the scalpula
scalpula
Shoulder blades, spine is posterior and the flat side is anterior
supraspinous fossa
Divet above the scapula spine
coracoid process
Process above the scalpula spine and glenoid cavity, right corner on the posterior view
acromion
Wide end of the scapula spine, shoulder point
glenoid cavity
Bottom right corner of the posterior view, under corocoid process
intraspineous fossa
Space under scapula spine
humerus
Upper arm bone
humerus head
Fits into the glenoid cavity of scapula, large obvious profusion on the superior end
greater tubercle of humerus
Opposite of the head
lesser tubercle
Bump behind the head on the anterior view of the humerus
intertubercular groove
Groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, anterior view
deltoid tuberosity
Raised area on lateral surface of the humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches (middle of bone)
coronoid fossa
Anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during forearm flexion, distal end
trochlea
In the middle of the distal end of the humerus, pointy protrusion.
capitulum
smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus
medial epicondyle
Large projection on the medial side of the humerus, near the coronoid fossa (funny bone!!)
lateral epicondyle
Humerus -posterior view, distal, lateral end. Behind the capitulum and opposite the medial epicondyle
olecronon process
Forms prominence of the elbow, inserts into olecranon fossa of the humerus when forearm is extended
coronoid process
Proximal end of ulna, inferior to olecranon process
Radial notch
Proximal end of ulna, articulated between the ulna and radius, opposite of the coronoid process
Head of Ulna and Styloid Process
Distal end of the ulna (head) with a small inferior-pointing process on the medial side (styloid)
radius
Lateral to ulna
radial head/neck
Pill shaped, flat head atop a neck
radial tuberosity
Inferior to head and neck of radius. Ridge that extends about a quarter of a way down the shaft
interosseous border
Side of ulna and radius that borders each other
ulnar notch
Medial side of radius, distal end. Articular facet between radius and ulna
styloid process of radius
Opposite ulnar notch, process that projects down on the distal end of the radius
carpals
Wrist bones
metacarpals
Hand bones. 5 bones numbered from 1-5, medial to lateral. (Thumb to pinky)
manual phalanges
Finger, numbered 1-5 (Thumb/medial to pinky/lateral) labeled accordingly as distal, middle, and proximal
atlas vertabrae
First of the 7 cervical vertabrae
axis vertebrae
Second cervical vertebrae, has a unique bump on tip
cervical vertebrae
First set of 7 bones, forms the neck. Minuscule with an upward projection and a little “transverse” foramen on both sides
thoratic vertebrae
Bones in the back that articulate with the ribs, more elongated process, larger, with rib fascets
lumbar vertebrae
Third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine, very robust
manubrium of sternum
Top of sternum
body of sternum
Long and spikey
xiphoid process
Inferior portion of the sternum, small and pointed
os coxae
Ilium (smooth part), ischium (C shaped muscle attachment spot along the side), pubis (part under the hole)
iliac fossa
Part of ilium, concavity from the anterior view of the ilium
iliac crest
Part of ilium, superior, ridged margin of iliac fossa
greater sciatic notch
Ilium, inferior margin where the ilium hangs over the rest of the os coxae
auricular surface
Medial side of ilium, above greater sciatic notch on the other side
ishial spine
Small projection on posterior margin (Inferior to the GSN) of the ishium
lesser sciatic notch
Notch inferior to ischial spine which makes the spine stick out crooked
ischial tuberosity
Rough area on the inferior lateral side of ischium
sacrum
Bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column
medial sacral crest of sacrum
Raised tubricals along the middle of sacrum
sacral hiatus
Inferior opening of the sacral canal, inferior to the medial sacral crest
auricular surface of sacrum
Flat on sides where pelvic bone sits
lateral sacral crest
Paired irregular ridges running down the lateral sides of the posterior sacrum that was formed by the fusion of the transverse processes from the 5 sacral vertebrae
coccyx
The tailbone, made up of the four fused vertebrae at the base of the spinal column
coccyx
The tailbone, made up of the four fused vertebrae at the base of the spinal column
femur head and neck
Large obvious head on a neck
greater trochanter of femur
Large mass of bone at the end of the neck (Proximal, lateral)
lesser trochanter
The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur. Inferior to head.
lesser trochanter
The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur, inferior to the head
linea aspera of femur
Line along the medial, dorsal surface of the femur shaft
medial condyle (Femur)
Femur-rounded, medial process on posterior side of distal end
lateral condyle (Femur)
Flatter protrusion on the lateral, distal end of femur
fovea capitis
Put in the head of a femur
patella base
Superior surface
lateral articular surface of patella
Larger than medial articular surface, on the lateral side
medial articular surface of patella
Smaller than lateral articular surface, medial side
apex of patella
Point at the distal end
medial condyle (Tibia)
Divit on the proximal, medial side of the Tibia
lateral condyle
Tibia, on the proximal, lateral end of the tibia (where the fibula connects)
intercondyler eminence
Raised rough area between the condyles
tibial tuberosity
Tibia, raised area on the anterior side on the proximal end of the
medial mallelous of tibia
Sort of like the styloid process on arms
head of fibula
Connects to lateral condyle of tibia
lateral malleolus of fibula
Bulge at the distal end of fibula. Connects to talus, similar to styloid process
malleolar fossa
Divit on the lateral mallelous
talus
Ankle!
calcaneous
Heel bone!
