Osteology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the bones?
A
- Support for the body
- Protection for vital structures
- Movement
- Mineral Storage
- Blood production
2
Q
What are bones made of?
A
Cartilage
3
Q
How many bones are in the adult body?
A
206
4
Q
The human skeleton is broken into two parts. One of them is the Axial skeleton. What is the Axial skeleton?
A
- Central/Middle part of the body
- Bones of the head, neck, and vertebral column and rib cage
- About 80 bones
- Supports and protects organs in the posterior and anterior body cavities.
- Provides surface area for muscle attachment.
5
Q
The human skeleton is broken into two parts. One of them is the Appendicular skeleton. What is the Appendicular skeleton?
A
- Lateral/Appendages (arms and legs) part of body
- Bones of the upper and lower limbs, including the shoulder and pelvic area.
- Provides movement
- About 126 bones.
6
Q
Types of Bone Shapes:
Long Bone
A
- Tubular shape (hollow like a tube)
- Ex. hummerus, femur, and tibia
7
Q
Types of Bone Shapes:
Short Bone
A
- Cube shape
- Ex. Ankle and Wrist
8
Q
Types of Bone Shapes:
Falt Bone
A
- plate-like and serves protective functions
- Ex. Skull, ribs, and scapulae
9
Q
Types of Bone Shapes:
Irregular Bone
A
- vary in shape
- Ex. Bones of the face, vertebra
10
Q
Parts of the Bone:
Compact Bone
A
- Hard, densely packed, outer layer
- Provides strength for weight bearing
- Has many canals (passageways) that contain blood vessels and nerves.
11
Q
Parts of the Bone:
Spongy bone
A
- Lies deep to the compact bone
- Weaker part of bone and where bone marrow is found
- Made up of lots of open space (like a honeycomb)
- Stores the bone marrow: red marrow (where blood cells are made) and yellow marrow (where fat is stored)
- The most active marrow is found mainly in the spongy bone of the [cranium, sternum, scapula, pelvis, ribs] (flat bone) and vertebrae
12
Q
What is cartilage?
A
- Covers the ends of the bone.
- Tough, fibrous connective tissue mixed with a gel-like substance.
- Softer than bone, but firmer than most tissue.
- Stops the bones from rubbing together and acts like a cushion to absorb shock.
- Bone is covered by a fibrous connective tissue called the periosteum.
13
Q
Bone Tissue
A
- Bone are active tissues. They are constantly being remodelled
- They change due to change in Ca levels in the blood
- pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
14
Q
Bones Cells:
Osteoblasts
A
build new bones
15
Q
Bones Cells:
Osteoclasts
A
dissolve and remove old bones
16
Q
Bones Cells:
Osteocytes
A
carry nutrients from the blood to the bone and waste products away from the bone.
