Osteology Flashcards
What is the cranium? What bones make it up?
That big part of the skull.
Has a whole bunch of bones:
- Frontal bone (headbutt bone)
- Temporal bones (depressed bones)
- Parietal bones (hairline bones)
- Maxilla (upper teeth bone)
- Occipital bone (back of head bone, has gloryhole of the skull)
What is the mandible? What features does it have?
What pretentious people call the jaw.
Has:
- Mental eminence (mewmaxxing)
What is the sagittal plane?
Plane that splits the body into two even halves, straight down the middle
What is the coronal plane? (Think “crown”)
Plane that splits the body into a front (anterior) and back (posterior)
Transverse
Horizontal cut at the waist.
Superior (plane, meaning)
Transverse, moving toward the head
Inferior (plane, meaning)
Transverse, moving away from the head
Medial (plane, meaning)
Sagittal, closer toward the center
Lateral (plane, meaning)
Sagittal, away from the center
Proximal (plane, meaning)
Not tied to any plane, limb closer toward body
Distal (plane, meaning)
Not tied to any plane, limb away from body
What is left and right relative to?
The perspective of the body
Axial skeleton
Skull, torso
Appendicular skeleton (the manly stuff)
Pecs, pelvis and limbs (think appendages)
What does “suture” mean?
The fusing of two bones together, most relates to the skull
Where is the coronal suture?
In between the parietal bones and the frontal bone. Along where a crown might rest or a really receded hairline
Where is the sagittal suture?
Down the middle of the skull
Where is the lambdoidal suture?
In the back of the head, makes an upward arrow shape
Where is the squamosal suture?
Ear crack. Just behind the ear, in between the lambdoidal suture and coronal suture
Can you touch your supraorbital ridge?
Yes, it’s like the “brow bone”
Can you touch your supraorbital margins?
No, it’s tucked inside the eye socket, just below the supraorbital ridge
Where is the glabella?
In between the supraorbital ridge. In laymanspeak, middle of brow
Where are the temporal lines?
Straddling the edge of depression along the sides of the skull. Runs through parietals. Very informal.
Where are the parietal bones?
Top of the skull. When both are put together, they look like a really recessed hairline
Where is the occipital bone?
The back and bottom of the skull. Has the following:
- Foramen magnum (gloryhole)
- External occipital protuberance (pecker)
- Nuchal lines/crest (bone wrinkles)
- Occipital condyles (folds around gloryhole)
What and where is the foramen magnum?
The gloryhole of the skull for Danny DeVito’s magnum dong. Bottom of the skull.
What and where is the external occipital protuberance?
The pecker at the back of the skull
What and where are the nuchal lines? Also known as the nuchal crest.
Bone wrinkles beside the pecker (external occipital protuberance). Back of the skull
What and where are the occipital condyles?
The folds around the gloryhole of the skull (foramen magnum)
Where is the temporal bone?
Past the cheekbone, right under the ear crack (squamosal suture).
Has the following:
- Mastoid process (blade of the skull)
- Zygomatic process (bridge of the skull)
- External auditory meatus (BONE EARS)
Where is the sphenoid?
Inside the skull. Part of it is in between the temporal bone and the frontal bone. Can also be poked through the eyes.
Where is the frontal bone?
On the skull. Used to headbutt people. Very effective.
Has the following:
- Supraorbital ridge/superciliary arches (brow bone)
- Supraorbital margins (can’t touch)
- Glabella (middle of brow bone)
- Temporal lines (run along edge of depression)
Where is the maxilla?
The bone where the top set of teeth connect.
Has the following:
- Infraorbital foramen (top nails)
- Frontal process (nose clenchers)
Where are the zygomatics?
Basically cheekbones. Support the bridge of the skull (????? process)
What and where are the nasal bones?
Pair of bones in between the nose clenchers (frontal process)
What and where is the mastoid process?
The blade of the skull. On the sides of the skull (temporal bone)
What and where is the zygomatic process?
The bridge of the skull. Bridging the cheekbone (zygomatic bone) and depressed bone (temporal bone)
What and where is the external auditory meatus?
BONE EARS. In between the blade (mastoid process) and the bridge (zygomatic process)
What are the four types of teeth?
Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
Human dental formula: 2-1-2-3 (top and bottom)
What is the only floating bone in the body?
Hyoid bone. It looks like a little fish jaw.
Sternum
Holds the rib cage shut
How many ribs are there?
12 pairs of ribs.
7 pairs are true ribs (direct connection to sternum)
5 pairs are false ribs
- 3 ribs piggyback off rib 7 to the sternum
- 2 ribs don’t connect to vertebra
What are the bones in the vertebrae?
Superior to inferior:
- 7 Cervical (baby holes)
- 12 Thoracic (glory hole with handles)
- 5 Lumbar (big plate)
- 1 Sacrum (connects MISSINGNO (innominates))
- 1 Coccyx (tailbone)
What are some characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?
It has baby holes, like someone hammered in some nails and took them out.
What are some characteristics of the thoracic vertabrae?
It has a gloryhole with handles
What are some characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?
It has a big plate that would work well as an oil lamp
What is the sacrum?
The bone that connects MISSINGNO (innominate)
What is the coccyx?
The tailbone. It has a nub at the top.
What is the scapula?
The bone known popularly as the shoulder blade. DOES NOT HAVE A GLORYHOLE.
What are the clavicles?
Popularly known together as the collarbone. S-shaped. Together, they look like a handlebar.
What is the humerus?
A funny bone. Handle to shoulder blade (scapula). Rounded top which DOES NOT EXTRUDE.
What are the bones of the shoulder joint?
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Humerus (blade handle)
- Clavicle (collarbone, handlebar)
What are the bones of the forearm?
There are two bones:
- Ulna (ice cream scoop)
- Radius (big nail)
What and where is the ulna?
It is the larger, stationary bone in the forearm. It doubles as an ice cream scoop.
Has:
- Olecranon process (ice cream scoop)
What and where is the radius?
It is the thinner, mobile bone of the forearm. It looks like a huge nail.
What and where is the olecranon process?
It is the ice cream scoop. It is on the proximal end of the ulna.
What are the three bones of the hand?
Carpal (hand pebbles)
Metacarpal (palm)
Hand phalanx (fingers)
What are carpals?
Hand pebbles
What are metacarpals?
Bones in the palm of the hand
What are hand phalanges
Fingie bones. Easier to remember the singular phalanx.
What are the bones of the birth canal?
There are three bones that make this up:
- MISSINGNO (innominates/hip bones)
- Sacrum
- Tailbone (Coccyx)
What is the innominate?
The biggest bone of the birth canal, has a gloryhole.
Has the following:
- Ilium (Axehead bone)
- Ischium (gloryhole major)
- Pubis (pathetic gloryhole minor)
What and where is the ilium?
The axehead of MISSINGNO (innominate)
What and where is the ischium?
Gloryhole major on MISSINGNO (innominate)
What and where is the pubis?
Pathetic gloryhole minor on MISSINGNO (innominate)
Has:
- Pubic symphysis (pubic synthesis)
What and where is the pubic symphysis?
Middle of the two pubis bones. Sounds like pubic synthesis.
Aside from bones, what are the features of the innominate?
- Auricular surface (pubic ear)
- Acetabulum (leg socket)
- Pubic symphysis (pubic synthesis)
What and where is the auricular structure?
On the inside of MISSINGNO (innominate), has an ear shape.
What and where is the acetabulum
Socket on the outside of MISSINGNO (innominate)
What is the femur?
The largest bone in the body, also known as the thigh bone. THE HEAD EXTRUDES
What is the largest bone in the body?
The femur.
What bones intersect at the knee?
There are four bones at this intersection:
- Femur (leg axehandle)
- Patella (kneecap)
- Tibia (flathead)
- Fibula (liar bone)
What is the tibia?
Main bone of the lower leg. Both ends are flat.
Has:
Medial malleolus (ankle hooks)
What is the fibula?
Long bone behind the flathead bone (tibia) in the lower leg. Depression in the back middle. Says it isn’t depressed (lie).
What are the bone types of the foot?
There are three bone types:
- Tarsal (foot pebbles)
- Metatarsal (foot arch)
- Foot phalanx (toe bones)
What are the tarsals?
Foot pebbles.
What are the metatarsals?
Foot arch, bones have a slight curve to them.
What are the foot phalanges?
Toe bones. All are fairly small except for the big toe.
