Osteology Flashcards
Identify this structure of cortical bone.
nutrient foramen
What is a ligament?
A collagen fiber band or sheet that connects bone to bone.
On the frontal/coronal plane, ______ is farther towards the front of the body.
anterior
Identify #3.
epiphyseal plate
On the sagittal plane, _____ is closer to the midline.
medial
Identify this structure of cortical bone.
Sharpey’s fibers
On the sagittal plane, _____ is farther from the midline.
lateral
What is endochondral ossification?
the embryonic model for most long, short and irregular bones is a mass of dense fibrous connective tissue
- stem cells differentiate into chondroblasts which begin laying down hyaline cartilage matrix in a pattern to replace the fibrous connective tissue model
- then osteoclasts and blood vessels penetrate the cartilage while other stem cells follow and differentiate into osteoblasts which begin laying down bone matrix in a spongy bone pattern to replace the cartilage model
- several such centers of ossification expand until they meet and fuse;
- eventually the entire structure matures to have compact bone on the outer surface and to have spongy bone and possibly a marrow space in the interior
What is the diaphysis?
The shaft of a long bone.
What percentage of a bone is mineral and what is this primarily comprised of?
65% - hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)
provides rigidity
What is an osteocyte?
The result of an encased osteoblast or osteoid located in a lacunae that maintains bone.
What is an osteoclast?
A cell that destroys bone.
On the transverse plane, ______ is nearer to the bottom of the body.
inferior
Identify this structure of cortical bone.
Haversian canal
What are the three types of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
What does periosteum do?
It provides nutrient-rich blood for the bone and is the source of bone-developing cells (osteoblasts) after a fracture or during growth.
What type of synovial joint is this?
pivot
What is synovial fluid and what does it do?
An egg-white like fluid within the joint cavity that keeps the articular cartilage moist.
What is intramembranous ossification?
a stage of bone development in human fetuses that involves osteoblasts laying down woven bone that eventually becomes lamellar bone
the embryonic model for most flat bones and a few other bones is a sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
- stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts which begin laying down bone matrix in a spongy bone pattern to replace the fibrous membrane model
- several such centers of ossification expand until they meet and fuse
- eventually the entire structure matures to have compact bone on the outer surface and spongy bone in the interior.
Identify structure #2 of trabecular bone.
red marrow space
What is the name of this pose?
the anatomical position
What type of synovial joint is this?
hinge
Give one example of a flat bone.
hip, parietal bone…
Identify structure #4 of trabecular bone.
osteocytes
