Osteologia Flashcards
What is the study of osteology?
The study of bones
Osteology is a branch of biology focusing on the structure and organization of living beings and their parts.
What are the two main types of anatomy?
- Microscopic Anatomy
- Macroscopic Anatomy
Microscopic anatomy studies structures that require a microscope, while macroscopic anatomy deals with structures visible to the naked eye.
What does regional anatomy focus on?
The individual study of certain regions, such as the cervical region
It includes the study of cells, tissues, vessels, nerves, muscles, organs, and bones in that specific area.
What is systemic anatomy?
The study of the interaction of structures organized by systems
It examines how different organs work together within a system.
What are the three anatomical reference planes?
- Median or longitudinal plane
- Transverse plane
- Dorsal plane
These planes help divide the body for anatomical study.
Define ‘medial’ in anatomical terms.
Structures near the midline of the body
It refers to the position of structures relative to the median plane.
What is the term for structures further away from the body?
Distal
This term is used to describe the position of extremities in relation to the body.
List the four types of tissues.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
Each type of tissue has specialized functions in the body.
What is the function of the digestive system?
Nutrition
It plays a crucial role in processing food for energy and nutrients.
What is the peritoneum?
A serous membrane covering the abdominal cavity
It consists of parietal and visceral layers.
Define ‘osteoblasts’.
Cells that generate bone by producing the bone matrix
Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation.
What characterizes long bones?
One dimension is greater than the other two
Examples include the femur and humerus.
True or False: Irregular bones fit into a specific category.
False
Irregular bones have varied shapes and do not conform to the other categories.
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Cells that destroy bone
Osteoclasts play a crucial role in bone remodeling.
What is the significance of the medullary cavity?
It houses the bone marrow
The medullary cavity is essential for blood cell production.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the central part of a long bone.
diaphysis
The diaphysis is the long shaft of the bone.
What do the terms ‘proximal’ and ‘distal’ refer to?
Proximal: closer to the body; Distal: further from the body
These terms are used to describe locations on limbs.
What type of bones are the vertebrae classified as?
Irregular bones
They do not fit the typical shapes of long, short, or flat bones.
What is the role of the pleura?
To cover the lungs and reduce friction
It has parietal and visceral layers.
What type of ossification occurs in flat bones of the skull?
Intramembranous ossification
This process occurs within a fibrous membrane.
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
The axial skeleton includes the skull and vertebral column, while the appendicular skeleton consists of limbs.
Quais são os principais componentes do esqueleto da cabeça?
Crânio e face
O crânio aloja o cérebro e órgãos da audição, enquanto a face forma a restante parte da cabeça.