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Diagnostic Imaging I Exam Two > Osteoarthritis aka DJD > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis aka DJD Flashcards

1
Q

What category of joints are commonly affected by DJD?

A

Weight-bearing joints (knee, hip, etc.)

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for OA?

A 
1 increased age
2 females (hands and knees)
3 obesity
4 trauma
5 inactivity or excessive activity
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3
Q

What is the eponym used for erosive OA of the hands?

A

Kellgren’s

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4
Q

What histological substance is altered in DJD causes the nonuniform loss of joint space?

A

Ground substance (chondroitin sulfate)

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5
Q

What is an enthesophyte?

A

Ossification in the location where a tendon and/or ligament attaches to bone

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6
Q

What is a geode?

A

Subchondral cyst

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7
Q

What is another name for intraarticular loose bodies that form from cartilage degradation with DJD?

A

Joint mice

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8
Q

How does a subchondral cyst form with DJD?

A

Synovial fluid intrusion through exposed articular plate

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9
Q

What group is more likely to have degeneration of the joints of the hand?

A

Middle-aged postmenopausal females

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10
Q

Enlarged soft tissue nodes are common in which joints of the hands with DJD?

A

DIPs primarily and also PIPs

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11
Q

What are the soft tissue nodes seen at the PIPs called?

A

Bouchard’s nodes

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12
Q

What are the soft tissue nodes seen at the DIPs called?

A

Heberden’s nodes

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13
Q

Besides the DIPs and PIPs, what other joint of the hand can be targeted by DJD?

A

1st MCP

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14
Q

What type of arthritis presents as bilateral DJD with central joint erosions?

A

Erosive DJD (variant of the normal pattern)

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15
Q

What is the radiographic finding associated with erosive DJD at the DIP joint?

A

“Gull wing” sign

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16
Q

Is inflammation associated with DJD?

A

NO (compare to RA)

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17
Q

What are the soft tissue nodes seen at the MCPs called?

A

Haygarth’s nodes

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18
Q

Which form of DJD unusally presents with inflammation?

A

Erosive osteoarthritis

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19
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for erosive DJD?

A

Psoriatic arthritis, RA

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20
Q

DJD is likely to target which joint in the foot?

A

1st MTP

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21
Q

What is the condition where the first MTP presents with symptoms of pain and stiffness?

A

Hallux rigidus

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22
Q

What forms of joint misalignment/deformities are seen with DJD of the feet?

A

Metatarsus varus, hallux valgas

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23
Q

What is the lay term for hallux valgas?

A

Bunion

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24
Q

Which means that the distal aspect goes medial: varus or valgus? Lateral?

A 
Medial = varus
Lateral = valgus
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25
Q

How can you tell if hallux valgus is caused by DJD or something like gout/infection?

A

Soft tissue swelling and redness will be present with gout or an infection

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26
Q

Where is DJD likely to occur in the shoulder?

A

AC joint (NOT glenohumeral)

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27
Q

If osteophytes and/or joint misalignment are seen in the glenohumeral joint, what is the expected cause instead of something like DJD?

A

Previous trauma or underlying CPPD

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28
Q

Why are osteophytes from DJD in the AC joint potentially a big issue?

A

May impinge on rotator cuff tendons leading to tendon calcification and superior migration of humerus

29
Q

What muscle is responsible for the superior pull of the humeral head as a result of rotator cuff impingement?

A

Deltoid

30
Q

Which muscle is most commonly associated with shoulder impingement syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus

31
Q

At what specific location do we see enthesopathic changes involved with DJD of the shoulder?

A

Greater tuberosity of the humeral head

32
Q

Where is the critical zone for a rotator cuff tear, and why is it so critical?

A

1 cm superior to the greater tuberosity (least vascular spot)

33
Q

What is the best tool to diagnose a rotator cuff tear?

A

MRI

34
Q

What four muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?

A

1 supraspinatus
2 infraspinatus
3 teres minor
4 subscapularis

35
Q

What is Risser’s sign?

A

Growth centers of the iliac crest relative to scoliosis progression

36
Q

How is hydroxyapatite deposition disease different from CPPD in location?

A

CPPD occurs in cartilage; HADD occurs within tendons and bursae

37
Q

What is the most common location for HADD?

A

Supraspinatus tendon (but can also occur in hip, wrist, knee, ankle, and spine)

38
Q

What is the usual age range of those who develop HADD?

A

40-70

39
Q

What is HADD?

A

Deposition of calcium within tendons and bursae

40
Q

If HADD is present and the crystals move upon rotation, what is their location?

A

In tendon

41
Q

If HADD is present and the crystals do not move upon rotation, what is their location?

A

In bursa

42
Q

Which two bursae could be in involved with HADD of the shoulder?

A

Subacromial (superiorly) and subdeltoid (inferiorly)

43
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the knee?

A

Medial tibiofemoral, lateral tibiofemoral, retropatellar

44
Q

Which compartment of the knee is more likely to develop DJD?

A

Medial tibiofemoral (medial joint compartment disease)

45
Q

What is the clinical term for being bowlegged?

A

Genu varus

46
Q

What is the clinical term for being knock-kneed?

A

Genu valgus

47
Q

Is genu varus or valgus associated with medial joint compartment disease of the knee?

A

Varus

48
Q

Where do we see enthesopathic changes of medial joint compartment disease of the knee?

A

Anterior nonarticular surface of the patella

49
Q

The popliteal groove indicates which side of the knee?

A

Lateral

50
Q

Osteophytes due to DJD of the knee can irritate what important structures?

A

ACL and PCL

51
Q

Pelligrini-Steida calcification affects what structure?

A

Medial tibial collateral ligament (MCL)

52
Q

What causes Pelligrini-Steida calcification?

A

Lateral to medial stress/trauma

53
Q

What is synovial osteochondrometaplasia?

A

Multiple intra-articular loose bodies (joint mice)

54
Q

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is common among what population?

A

Younger patients with unexplained hip pain

55
Q

Where is PVNS most common?

A

Knee primarily and hip (could also be in ankle, or elbow)

56
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for PVNS?

A

RA

57
Q

What is pigmented villonodular synovitis?

A

Slow growing, benign, and locally invasive tumor/metaplasia of the synovium

58
Q

PVNS of which joint is the most clinically significant?

A

Hip

59
Q

Concentric erosions of the femoral neck seen with PVNS produce what sign upon radiography?

A

Apple core deformity

60
Q

Which compartment of the hip is most likely to be involved with DJD?

A

Superior (80%)

61
Q

What is the name for subchondral cysts found only in the hip?

A

Eggar’s cysts

62
Q

What does buttressing of the hip due to DJD mean?

A

Cortical thickening

63
Q

At what age does Risser’s sign cap out?

A

16-18

64
Q

What is the latin term for a “bad old hip” seen with DJD of the hip?

A

Malum coxae senilis

65
Q

What Roentgenometric line is used to assess for acetabular protrusion?

A

Koehler’s line

66
Q

What is the condition of bilateral acetabular protrusion?

A

Otto’s pelvis

67
Q

What kinds of conditions can cause acetabular protrusion?

A

OA, RA, bone softening diseases like Paget’s

68
Q

What is the gender bias associated with acetabular protrusion?

A

More common in males but more likely to be a normal variant in females

69
Q

What is the most common cause of acetabular protrusion? Least?

A 
MC = RA
LC = OA

Diagnostic Imaging I Exam Two (7 decks)

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